tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9372781691791702412024-03-18T20:27:26.590-07:00Feline HeightsA blog by, for, and about cats. Anything relating to the truth is purely by accident.
Our motto: play, prowl, and yowl'til you drop!Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-49813398520041442032010-02-08T21:07:00.000-08:002010-02-08T21:28:31.283-08:00Avoiding the Litter Box: Causes and Solutions<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGobayNhsQueBocoJqjZNDgvMBMADSkwqA7GLCrFyzyEEWjp0k6YVOYwht9jLJ8GZV0iBIuo5NKY3WIvvTk-K08UjdpT67aOxpivGFwHqdOPg_QpNOwlSnLBNtvtjic7p-5QCr4xr6uHY/s1600-h/01_04_51_thumb.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 83px; height: 125px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGobayNhsQueBocoJqjZNDgvMBMADSkwqA7GLCrFyzyEEWjp0k6YVOYwht9jLJ8GZV0iBIuo5NKY3WIvvTk-K08UjdpT67aOxpivGFwHqdOPg_QpNOwlSnLBNtvtjic7p-5QCr4xr6uHY/s400/01_04_51_thumb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5436109128450960658" border="0" /></a><br /><h2 class="date-header">The 3 Reasons For Your Cat's Litter Box Avoidance</h2> <div class="post hentry"><a href="http://free-articles-about-cats.blogspot.com/2010/02/3-reasons-for-your-cats-litter-box.html"></a><h3 class="post-title entry-title"> </h3> <div class="post-body entry-content"> <div><div id="body" readability="26"> <p>It is a given that you do not want your pet cat to urinate all over the house. That is why it will be helpful if you will do appropriate actions to avoid it. As they say, in order to eliminate the problem, you must look for its cause. This article pinpoints 3 reasons to show you the litter box avoidance problems may be due to the cat, the box itself, or the way of you using it. Also provided are some of the helpful solutions to these troubles.</p><p><strong>Reason #1: </strong><i>Your cat has health problems</i></p><p>Health problems such as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Diabetes do not only exist in humans as these also exist in cats. When your cat has UTI, it is having a hard time to pee since it has a urethral blockage and is experiencing an excruciating occurrence of cystitis. In this case, the cat might wrongfully associate its urinating problems with its box that is why it is avoiding it. On the other hand, cats can also experience inflammatory bowel diseases that can cause excruciating pain in their anus whenever they try to excrete bodily wastes.</p><p>If you find that these situations fit your cat's evasion problems, then you must bring it to a veterinarian immediately. Several tests can be performed in order to uncover your cat's medical problems like urine and stool analysis. If the results reveal you are your cat is sick, then do not panic. Medications can still cure your cat's urinating dilemmas.</p><p><strong>Reason#2:</strong><em> Your cat does not like the litter box's smell</em></p><p>Cats have very sensitive noses. They can tell the taste of the food by using their sense of smell. Same goes with their litter boxes. A cat might evade its box because it may either smell strongly unpleasant or smell excessively fragrant.</p><p>In order to satisfy your cats, you must ensure that the box has a neutral smell. Changing the litter everyday will surely eliminate the foul waste odors. If you wash the litter box with soap and bleach, you should remove the soap suds and the fragrant smell thoroughly with water. Make sure to wash them scrupulously; you may even have to wash it repeatedly to ensure that it does not have any smell that may be unpleasant to cats. Keep in mind that an odorless and dry litter box best defines a clean litter box.</p><p><strong>Reason #3:</strong><em> Your cat finds the location of its litter box inappropriate</em></p><p>Sometimes, the problem is not with the cat itself, the litter box nor with the litter brand that is used. The trouble might be caused with the place the it is situated. Cats do not want their boxes on the same spot where they eat, drink and sleep. Like us humans, cats also want privacy when they are doing their thing. They might feel that they are bothered even though you are not actually disturbing them.</p><p>A litter box located in a busy part of the house can actually cause stress both for you and your cat. The bathroom, kitchen and laundry room might not be a good location for your litter box as these rooms are frequently visited. Look for an area in your house that is least visited so you and your housemates may not catch your pet doing its thing.</p><p style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;">Reference</p><p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><a href="http://www.freefoto.com/browse/01-04-0?ffid=01-04-0">http://free-articles-about-cats.blogspot.com/2010/02/3-reasons-for-your-cats-litter-box.htm</a>l</span><br /></p> </div></div> </div></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-89628606017738880862009-12-31T21:22:00.000-08:002009-12-31T21:50:54.630-08:00Happy New Year!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyROtA5EjdYMdnTuV_qdjF1q3k4QyDw6D9s3I9ktwnJGC1hLRhHRhxjvIoafCzFnlUX5wHQQpqx_TzILnip6guMxlVblKwZqc29h57XTKE6yJ8a1HImFv6ktsWj2F83T3bDE6jBTDtp___/s1600-h/Cats+Celebrating.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 366px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyROtA5EjdYMdnTuV_qdjF1q3k4QyDw6D9s3I9ktwnJGC1hLRhHRhxjvIoafCzFnlUX5wHQQpqx_TzILnip6guMxlVblKwZqc29h57XTKE6yJ8a1HImFv6ktsWj2F83T3bDE6jBTDtp___/s400/Cats+Celebrating.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421643402289851218" /></a><br />Finally we cats got the laptop! Our human's daughter, who hogs the computer, is away at a New Year's Eve party. Our human is away too! Now we can finally post to our blog. Our most recent news is that we moved to a new home. That has been very exciting! We pretty much have our new territory staked out. How did we do it? Don't ask - it's much too complicated for your poor human mind (of course, we are assuming that you are human).Iris is scoring free meals from an unsuspecting neighbor with her "poor stray kitty" act. PumpKing really likes the new window sills. They are much wider than the sills at the old house.Frankie stayed in the old neighborhood. He said, " I'm too old to move." So, he moved in with our old next door neighbor. I think he likes the fact that he is the only cat and doesn't have to share any attention with other felines. I'm Callie, by the way. My daughter is Pie, and my son is PumpKing. Iris was here before us and is kind of stand-offish with us. All well, her loss! Anyway all of us felines here at Feline Heights (still the old name) wish everyone a Happy New Year!Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-41394484706714481392009-06-21T18:45:00.000-07:002009-06-21T19:05:25.298-07:00A Short Story About the Loss and Grieving of a Beloved Pet<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDOMpMNoUgB3imi84ffccPhEr10RUS-__f92oLDLDLHqBnCR_gvXTmqhENVyZJtRJ5eQ72Q8upwoXnBUL7noeKnlUif4yvQcAef1mex870rlI6L1trPZLli6IMERKhtUhAh_MU0WIJdtfQ/s1600-h/zencat_sm.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 168px; height: 121px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDOMpMNoUgB3imi84ffccPhEr10RUS-__f92oLDLDLHqBnCR_gvXTmqhENVyZJtRJ5eQ72Q8upwoXnBUL7noeKnlUif4yvQcAef1mex870rlI6L1trPZLli6IMERKhtUhAh_MU0WIJdtfQ/s400/zencat_sm.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5349967135280691826" /></a>
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFp6OybkbfLEfCxYkpzrQrXgT-GwoAvmPRLkt_2Pjk7ZQHfdqK4UooIgBailsMOdwnSPNucSHabA-bd3Tdj2rqNqP17JtReFltHcQACN3nyYRpjhl7r9lOxcCm_BfKZfqJNhsBHkxOJwYW/s1600-h/KittensClimbTree.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFp6OybkbfLEfCxYkpzrQrXgT-GwoAvmPRLkt_2Pjk7ZQHfdqK4UooIgBailsMOdwnSPNucSHabA-bd3Tdj2rqNqP17JtReFltHcQACN3nyYRpjhl7r9lOxcCm_BfKZfqJNhsBHkxOJwYW/s400/KittensClimbTree.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5349964245111241842" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://z.about.com/5g/dc/rdp.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <script type="text/javascript">z930=zpreC(930,48);if(thin){z930=0};z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z155=zpreC(336,155);zItw=160;</script> <div id="abw"> <div id="abh"><div class="mast"><div class="logo"><a href="http://www.about.com/" zt="18/1Yb/Zv"><img src="http://z.about.com/d/lg/a1.gif" alt="About.com" /></a></div><h2><a href="http://cats.about.com/" zt="18/1Yc/Zx" title="Cats">Cats</a></h2><script type="text/javascript">var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>28)h2.className="long";</script></div></div> <!--gc--><div id="title"> <h1>The Zen of Cat</h1> <script type="text/javascript">h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML);</script> <h2>A Story by Jim Willis</h2> <p id="byline">By <a href="http://cats.about.com/mbiopage.htm" zt="18/1YF/Zf">Franny Syufy</a>, About.com</p></div> <div id="abm"><div id="abc"> <div id="articlebody"> The Man was very sad. He knew that the Cat's days were numbered. The doctor had said there wasn't anything more that could be done, that he should take the Cat home and make him as comfortable as possible. <p>The man stroked the Cat on his lap and sighed. The Cat opened his eyes, purred and looked up at the Man. A tear rolled down the Man's cheek and landed on the Cat's forehead. The Cat gave him a slightly annoyed look. </p><p>"Why do you cry, Man?" the Cat asked. "Because you can't bear the thought of losing me? Because you think you can never replace me?" </p><p>The Man nodded "yes." </p><p>"And where do you think I'll be when I leave you?" the Cat asked. </p><p>The Man shrugged helplessly. </p><p>"Close your eyes, Man," the Cat said. The Man gave him a questioning look, but did as he was told. </p><p>"What color are my eyes and fur?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"Your eyes are gold and your fur is a rich, warm brown," the Man replied. </p><p>"And where is my fur the darkest?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"It is darkest along your back, your tail, your legs, nose and ears," the Man said. </p><p>"And where is it that you most often see me?" asked the Cat. </p><p>"I see you...on the kitchen windowsill watching the birds...on my favorite chair...on my desk lying on the papers I need...on the pillow next to my head at night." </p><p>The cat nodded. </p><p>"Can you see me in all of those places now, even though your eyes are shut?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"Yes, of course. I've seen you there for years," the Man said. </p><p>"Then, whenever you wish to see me, all you must do is close your eyes," said the Cat. </p><p>"But you won't really be here," the Man said sadly. </p><p>"Oh, really?" said the Cat. "Pick up that piece of string from the floor - there, my 'toy.'" </p><p>The Man opened his eyes, then reached over and picked up the string. It was about two feet long and the Cat had been able to entertain himself for hours with it. </p><p>"What is it made of?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"It appears to be made of cotton," the Man said. </p><p>"Which comes from a plant?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"Yes," said the Man. </p><p>"From just one plant, or from many?" </p><p>"From many cotton plants," the Man answered. </p><p>"And in the same soil from which grow the cotton plants, it would be possible that other plants and flowers would grow? A rose could grow alongside of the cotton, yes?" asked the Cat. </p><p>"Yes, I'm sure it would be possible," the Man said. </p><p>"And all of the plants would feed from the same soil and drink the same rain, would they not?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"Yes, they would," said the Man. </p><p>"Then all of the plants, rose and cotton, would be very similar on the inside, even if they appeared outwardly very different," said the Cat. </p><p>The Man nodded his head in agreement, but didn't see what that had to do with the present situation. </p><p>"Now, that piece of string," said the Cat, "is that the only piece of string ever made of cotton?" </p><p>"No, of course it isn't," said the Man, "it was part of a ball of twine." </p><p>"And do you know where all of the other pieces of string are now, and all of the balls of twine?" asked the Cat. </p><p> <b>Next > </b>"...you would agree that all the string is related?"
<br /></p><p><script language="JavaScript"> <!-- xd=0;zap="";zAth='';zAthG='4919';zTt='2';zir='';zBTS=0;zBT=1;zSt='31';zGz='g' ch='homegarden';gs='cats';xg="Cats";zcs='' zFDT='0' zFST='0' zOr='96M1ks2520kA1Q83';zTbO=zRQO=1;zp0=zp1=zp2=zp3=zfs=0;zDc=1; zSm=zSu=zhc=zpb=zgs=zdn='';zFS='96M70960710900701';zFD='96M70960710900701' zDO=zis=1;zpid=zi=zRf=ztp=zpo=0;zdx=20;zfx=100;zJs=13; zi=1;zz=';72890=2-1-1299;272890=2-1-12-1;336280=2-1-1299;2336280=2-1-1299;336155=2-1-1257;2336155=2-1-12-1;93048=2-1-12-1;293048=2-1-12-1';zx='3-1-1399';zde=15;zdp=1440;zds=1440;zfp=0;zfs=66;zfd=100;zdd=20;zaX=new Array(11, new Array(100,812,8197,0,'336,230'),7, new Array(100,284,8197,9,'336,290'));zDc=1;;zDO=1;;zD336=1;zhc='';;zGTH=1; zGo=0;zG=17;zTac=2;zDot=3; zObT="Cats";zRad=5;var tp=" test"+(zBT?11:10);if(!this.zGCID)zGCID=tp else zGCID+=tp;if(zBT>0){zOBR=1} //--> </script> <script language="JavaScript" src="http://z.about.com/0g/js/cj017x14t388.js"></script> <script>zDO=0</script> </p><noscript><meta equiv="refresh" content="0;url=http://www.about.com/snf.htm?u=http://cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat_2.htm?p=1%3Frd%3D1"></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://z.about.com/5g/dc/rdp.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <script type="text/javascript">z930=zpreC(930,48);if(thin){z930=0};z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z155=zpreC(336,155);zItw=160;</script> <div id="abw"> <div id="abh"><div class="mast"><div class="logo"><a href="http://www.about.com/" zt="18/1Yb/Zv"><img src="http://z.about.com/d/lg/a1.gif" alt="About.com" /></a></div><h2><a href="http://cats.about.com/" zt="18/1Yc/Zx" title="Cats">Cats</a></h2><script type="text/javascript">var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>28)h2.className="long";</script></div></div> <!--gc--><div id="title"> <script type="text/javascript">h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML);</script> <h2>Continued...</h2> <p id="byline">By <a href="http://cats.about.com/mbiopage.htm" zt="18/1YF/Zf">Franny Syufy</a>, About.com</p></div> <div id="abm"><div id="abc"> <div id="articlebody"> <p>"No, I don't...that would be impossible," said the Man. </p><p>"But even though you do not know where they are, you believe they exist. And even though some of the string is with you, and other pieces of string are elsewhere...even though some pieces of string are short and others are long, and even though your ball of twine is not the only one in the world...you would agree that all the string is related?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"I've never thought about it, but yes, I guess they would be related," the Man said. </p><p>"What would happen if a piece of cotton string fell onto the ground?" the Cat asked. </p><p>"Well...it would eventually be covered up and decompose into the soil," the Man said. </p><p>"I see," said the Cat. "Then perhaps more cotton would grow above it, or a rose." </p><p>"Yes, it would be possible," the Man agreed. </p><p>"Then the rose growing on your windowsill might be related to the string you are holding as well as to all the pieces of string you do not know about," said the Cat. </p><p>The Man knit his brow in thought. </p><p>"Now take each end of the string in one hand," the Cat ordered. </p><p>The Man did so. </p><p>"The end in your left hand is my birth and the end in your right hand is my death. Now bring the two ends together," the Cat said. The Man complied. </p><p>"You have made a continuous circle," said the cat. "Does any point along the string appear to be different, worse or better than any other part of the string?" </p><p>The Man inspected the string and then shook his head "no." </p><p>"Does the space inside the circle appear to be different from the space outside of the circle?" the Cat asked. </p><p>Again the Man shook his head "no," but he still wasn't sure he understood the Cat's meaning. </p><p>"Close your eyes again," the Cat said. "Now lick your hand." </p><p>The Man widened his eyes in surprise. </p><p>"Just do it," the Cat said. "Lick your hand, think of me in all my familiar places, think about all the pieces of string, think about the cotton and the rose, think about how the inside of the circle is not different from the outside of the circle." </p><p>The Man felt foolish, licking his hand, but he did as he was told. He discovered what a cat must know, that licking a paw is very calming and allows one to think more clearly. He continued licking and the corners of his mouth turned upward into the first smile he had shown in days. He waited for the Cat to tell him to stop, and when he didn't he opened his eyes. The Cat's eyes were closed. The Man stroked the warm, brown fur, but the Cat was gone. </p><p>The Man shut his eyes hard as the tears poured down his face. He saw the Cat on the windowsill, then in his bed, then lying across his important papers. He saw him on the pillow next to his head, saw his bright gold eyes and darkest brown on his nose and ears. He opened his eyes and through his tears looked over at the rose growing in a pot on the windowsill and then to the circle of string he still held clutched in his hand. </p><p>One day, not long after, there was a new Cat on his lap. She was a lovely calico and white...very different from his earlier beloved Cat and very much the same. </p><p><i><b>Author's note</b>: I've had many special cats in my life, from my first, "Angel," to others who followed and passed on, "Ankara," "Khufu," "Chico," "Nina," "Kinky," "Fleck," "Sergei," "Katerina," and "Sir Edmund." Each one wonderfully different and very much the same in their capacity to love and be loved. Many times in my life, I have said that each of them could have no equal, until another cat came into my life to prove me wrong. </i></p><p><i>I dedicate this story to them and also to the memory of a prince among cats, a Burmese, "The Count," loved and missed by a special friend, Dick Weavil, the publisher of "AnimalTalk," an e-newsletter whose weekly rescue editions have resulted in countless animal lives being saved. To subscribe, e-mail nyppsi@aol.com; in the subject line type: MAILING LIST, and in the text of the message type: SUBSCRIBE.</i></p><p><i> [The illustration for the story contains the Zen symbols for (top to bottom), Spirit, Enlightenment and Love.]</i> </p><p>Jim Willis is the author of the book, "Pieces of my Heart - Writings Inspired by Animals and Nature," now available through Amazon.com in the U.S. and the U.K. Jim's writings have been featured often both in About Cats and About Veterinary Medicine. If you were touched by "The Zen of Cat," you'll love the book! </p><p><a href="http://cats.about.com/library/reviews/aafprpieces.htm"><b>Your Guide's review of "Pieces of my Heart."</b></a><sup>1</sup>
<br /><a href="http://erclk.about.com/?zi=11/Wvh">Compare Prices</a><sup>2</sup> </p><p>Guest Article Content Licensed to About.com <!--/gc--> </p></div><div id="pd"><p>This About.com page has been optimized for print. To view this page in its original form, please visit: <a href="http://cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat_2.htm">http://cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat_2.htm</a></p><p id="cpyrt">©2009 About.com, Inc., a part of <a href="http://www.nytco.com/">The New York Times Company</a>. 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To view this page in its original form, please visit: <a href="http://cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat.htm">http://cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat.htm</a></p><p id="cpyrt">©2009 About.com, Inc., a part of <a href="http://www.nytco.com/">The New York Times Company</a>. All rights reserved.</p></div></div></div></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://z.about.com/5g/js/m.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://z.about.com/5g/js/p.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">makeFootnotes();</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.print();</script> <img src="" id="zIpfb" alt="" border="0" width="1" height="1" /> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- adclose() //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript">var tcdacmd="dt;da";</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://an.tacoda.net/an/11775/slf.js"></script><script src="http://anrtx.tacoda.net/rtx/r.js?cmd=ADF&si=11775&v=4.0&cb=4686" language="JavaScript"></script><iframe src="http://an.tacoda.net/an/tpp.html" width="0" frameborder="0" height="0"></iframe><script src="http://anrtx.tacoda.net/dastat/ping.js?ADF&si=11775&cb=70260" language="JavaScript"></script><img src="http://te.about.com/tte/blank.gif?85283&v=4.0&r=http%3A//cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat.htm&p=ADF:&page=http%3A//cats.about.com/od/lossandgrieving/a/zenofcat.htm%3Fp%3D1&tz=240&s=11775" style="display: none;" border="0" width="1" height="1" /> <img src="http://up.nytimes.com/?d=1/&g=9&h=96M1%5DC2C20kA1G21&hs=96M1%5DC2C20kA1G21&t=2&r=http%3a%2f%2fcats%2eabout%2ecom%2fod%2flossandgrieving%2fa%2fzenofcat%2ehtm&u=http%3A%2F%2Fcats%2eabout%2ecom%2fod%2flossandgrieving%2fa%2fzenofcat%2ehtm%3fp%3d1" alt="" border="0" width="3" height="1" /> Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-4369524300280772932009-06-17T17:54:00.000-07:002009-06-17T18:13:20.159-07:00Google Friends Connect: Followers of Feline Heights<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHpUpG9Ts4cXmX_Qi_dwL28mzfBU3WfpAcx6P5pTRkH7STTNkrhiWuJb_KFkYqrSe_XNgxUPJ2fhdNWZD9zC7NQb617G9Xn9zYYHeeu0s3wRWxw353wVDFwrwLHs21ulvFjR_mw6Jkd0P_/s1600-h/image.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 391px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHpUpG9Ts4cXmX_Qi_dwL28mzfBU3WfpAcx6P5pTRkH7STTNkrhiWuJb_KFkYqrSe_XNgxUPJ2fhdNWZD9zC7NQb617G9Xn9zYYHeeu0s3wRWxw353wVDFwrwLHs21ulvFjR_mw6Jkd0P_/s400/image.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348468112515580578" border="0" /></a><br />All of us at <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Feline Heights</span> would like to say a special "thank you" to our <span style="font-weight: bold;">Followers</span> from <span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><a href="http://www.google.com/friendconnect/settings/edit?smpl=true&st=e%3DAOG8GaA7FEKUDC27c3TkCjXnpVmtMBF6qucpEK%252FcYa3gnjZ9tTev6sKkBRbZM5zP60WEEbJ2zXPGzIeuiSs0HMLJTccsjzvD7AQXhpTE5OwNLRzpzmf5LIYX3pFGDi14o4K7hQx6IHB%252Bi0gRyxObgd98jTTzdBXBxlyNm5AuxKflMKH">Google Friends Connect</a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">. </span>The cats are purring with happiness.<br /><br />So please show the following a little <span style="font-style: italic;">link love</span>:<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Riswan:</span> <a href="http://risdivyam.blogspot.com/">http://risdivyam.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">LazyKing</span>: <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Bored ... Get Unbored</span> <a href="http://unboredme.blogspot.com/">http://unboredme.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mimi Lenox</span>: <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">The Official Site of BlogBlast For Peace</span> <a href="http://mimilenox.blogspot.com/"> http://mimilenox.blogspot.com/<br /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">B'jue Corner</span>: <a href="http://bjue.blogspot.com/">http://bjue.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-15601683923762869992009-06-12T16:12:00.001-07:002009-06-12T16:12:32.432-07:00Woof Report ââ¬â A Free Daily Email Newsletter With Dog And Puppy Tips, Products, Services, Gifts and More!<a href="http://woofreport.com/links-we-love/index.php">Woof Report ââ¬â A Free Daily Email Newsletter With Dog And Puppy Tips, Products, Services, Gifts and More!</a><br /><br />Shared via <a href="http://addthis.com">AddThis</a><br /><br />Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-87926967113035748472009-06-10T21:55:00.000-07:002009-06-10T22:06:22.082-07:00Everything You Wanted to Know About Cats...and even more!<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Cat</h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <!-- start content --> <div class="dablink">This article is about domestic felines.<br /></div><table class="infobox biota" style="padding: 2px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"><tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"><th style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><sup id="cite_ref-msw3_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-msw3-0" title=""><span><br /></span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Domestic_cat_cropped.jpg" class="image" title="Other images of cats"><img alt="Other images of cats" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Domestic_cat_cropped.jpg/200px-Domestic_cat_cropped.jpg" width="200" border="0" height="159" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><small><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Felis_silvestris_catus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Felis silvestris catus">Other images of cats</a></small></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="text-align: center;">Domesticated</div> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td> <table style="margin: 0pt auto; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: left; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Kingdom:</td> <td><span class="kingdom"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subkingdom:</td> <td><span class="subkingdom"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Phylum:</td> <td><span class="phylum"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subphylum:</td> <td><span class="subphylum"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">Vertebrata</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Class:</td> <td><span class="taxoclass"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subclass:</td> <td><span class="subclass"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Order:</td> <td><span class="order"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Suborder:</td> <td><span class="suborder"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Family:</td> <td><span class="family"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subfamily:</td> <td><span class="subfamily"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Genus:</td> <td><span class="genus"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Species:</td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><b>F. catus</b></i></span><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a></th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><b><span class="binomial"><i>Felis catus</i></span></b><br /><small>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758)<sup id="cite_ref-Linaeus1758_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Linaeus1758-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></small></td> </tr> <tr style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_%28taxonomy%29" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: left;"> <p><small><i>Felis catus domestica</i> (invalid junior synonym)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-2" title=""><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Felis silvestris catus</i><sup id="cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-SciencemagNEO-3" title=""><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></small></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>cat</b> (<i>Felis catus</i>), also known as the <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domestic</a> cat</b> or <b>house cat</b> to distinguish it from other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">felines</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felids</a>, is a small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predatory</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivorous</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crepuscular" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> that is valued by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> for its companionship and its ability to hunt <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snakes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion" title="Scorpion">scorpions</a>, and other unwanted household pests. It has been associated with humans for at least 9,500 years.<sup id="cite_ref-9500_years_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-9500_years-4" title=""><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A skilled predator, the cat is known to hunt over 1,000 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>. It can be trained to obey simple commands. Individual cats have also been known to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learn</a> on their own to <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manipulate" class="extiw" title="wikt:manipulate">manipulate</a> simple mechanisms, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door_handle" title="Door handle">doorknobs</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilet</a> handles.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-5" title=""><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Cats use a variety of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">vocalizations</a> and types of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language">body language</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">communication</a>, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication#meowing" title="Cat communication">meowing</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, "trilling", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss#animals" title="Hiss">hissing</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, squeaking, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp" title="Chirp">chirping</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">clicking</a>, and grunting.<sup id="cite_ref-Channel3000Meows_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Channel3000Meows-6" title=""><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Cats may be the most popular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pet</a> in the world, with over 600 million in homes all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-7" title=""><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> They are also bred and shown as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">registered</a> pedigree pets. This hobby is known as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_fancy" title="Animal fancy">cat fancy</a>".</p> <p>Until recently the cat was commonly believed to have been domesticated in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, where it was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a> animal.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-NYT-8" title=""><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> However, a 2007 study found that the lines of descent of all house cats probably run through as few as five <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-domestication" title="Self-domestication">self-domesticating</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildcat" title="African Wildcat">African Wildcats</a> <i>(Felis silvestris lybica)</i> circa <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_millennium_BC" title="8th millennium BC">8000 BC</a>, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-SciencemagNEO-3" title=""><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="toclimit-2"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Physiology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Physiology</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Size"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Size</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Skeleton"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Skeleton</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Mouth"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mouth</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Ears"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Ears</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Legs"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Legs</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Claws"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Claws</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Skin"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Skin</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Senses"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Senses</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Metabolism"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Metabolism</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Genetics"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Genetics</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Feeding_and_diet"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">Feeding and diet</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Toxic_sensitivity"><span class="tocnumber">1.11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Toxic sensitivity</span></a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Behavior"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Behavior</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Sociability"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sociability</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Cohabitation"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cohabitation</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Fighting"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Fighting</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Play"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Play</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Hunting"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Hunting</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Reproduction"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Reproduction</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Hygiene"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Hygiene</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Scratching"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Scratching</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Fondness_for_heights"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Fondness for heights</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Ecology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecology</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Habitat"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Habitat</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Impact_of_hunting"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Impact of hunting</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#House_cats"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">House cats</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Domestication"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Domestication</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Interaction_with_humans"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Interaction with humans</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Allergens"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Allergens</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Trainability"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Trainability</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Indoor_scratching"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Indoor scratching</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Declawing"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Declawing</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Waste"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Waste</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Domesticated_varieties"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Domesticated varieties</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Coat_patterns"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Coat patterns</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Body_types"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Body types</span></a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Feral_cats"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Feral cats</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Environmental_effects"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental effects</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Ethical_and_humane_concerns_over_feral_cats"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ethical and humane concerns over feral cats</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Etymology_and_taxonomic_history"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology and taxonomic history</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Scientific_classification"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific classification</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Nomenclature"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nomenclature</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#History_and_mythology"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">History and mythology</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Nine_lives"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nine lives</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Cats_in_Pop_Culture"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cats in Pop Culture</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Anatomy"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Anatomy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Articles"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#Veterinary_related"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Veterinary related</span></a></li></ul> </li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script></div> <p><a name="Physiology" id="Physiology"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">Physiology</span></h2> <p><a name="Size" id="Size"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Size</span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_cat_anatomy-en.svg" class="image" title="Diagram of the general anatomy of a male cat"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Scheme_cat_anatomy-en.svg/250px-Scheme_cat_anatomy-en.svg.png" class="thumbimage" width="250" border="0" height="129" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_cat_anatomy-en.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Diagram of the general <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> of a male cat</div> </div> </div> <p>Cats typically weigh between 2.5 and 7 kilograms (5.5–16 lb); however, some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cat_breeds" title="Category:Cat breeds">breeds</a>, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a>, can exceed 11.3 kilograms (24.9 lb). Conversely, very small cats (less than 1.8 kilograms (4.0 lb)) have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-9" title=""><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The largest cat ever was officially reported to have weighed in at about 21.297 kilograms (46.952 lb) (46 lb 15.25 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-10" title=""><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-11" title=""><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The smallest cat ever officially recorded weighed around 1.36 kilograms (3 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-12" title=""><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Cats average about 23–25 centimeters (9–10 in) in height<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-13" title=""><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> and 46 centimeters (18.1 in) in head/body length (males being larger than females), with tails averaging 30 centimeters (11.8 in) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-14" title=""><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Skeleton" id="Skeleton"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Skeleton</span></h3> <p>Cats have 7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a> like almost all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammals" title="Mammals" class="mw-redirect">mammals</a>, 13 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic vertebrae</a> (humans have 12), 7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae">lumbar vertebrae</a> (humans have 5), 3 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacral vertebrae</a> like most mammals (humans have 5 because of their bipedal posture), and, except for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_%28cat%29" title="Manx (cat)">Manx cats</a>, 22 or 23 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae">caudal vertebrae</a> (humans have 3 to 5, fused into an internal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a>). The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's enhanced spinal mobility and flexibility, compared with humans. The caudal vertebrae form the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tail</a>, used by the cat as a counterbalance to the body during quick movements. Cats also have free-floating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle bones</a>, which allows them to pass their body through any space into which they can fit their heads.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-15" title=""><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Mouth" id="Mouth"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Mouth</span></h3> <p>Cats have highly specialized <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth" title="Tooth">teeth</a> for the killing of prey and the tearing of meat. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolar</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_%28tooth%29" title="Molar (tooth)">first molar</a> together compose the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassial</a> pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently functions to shear meat like a pair of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">scissors</a>. While this is present in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canids</a>, it is highly developed in felines. The cat's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> has sharp spines, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiform_papilla" title="Filiform papilla">papillae</a>, useful for retaining and ripping flesh from a carcass. These papillae are small backward-facing hooks that contain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> which also assist in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_grooming" title="Personal grooming">grooming</a>.</p> <p>As facilitated by their oral structure, cats use a variety of vocalizations for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">communication</a>, including meowing, purring, "trilling", hissing, growling, squeaking, chirping, clicking, and grunting.<sup id="cite_ref-Channel3000Meows_6-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Channel3000Meows-6" title=""><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Their types of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language">body language</a>: position of ears and tail, relaxation of whole body, kneading of paws, all are indicators of mood.</p> <p><a name="Ears" id="Ears"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Ears</span></h3> <p>Thirty-two individual muscles in each ear allow for a manner of directional hearing:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-16" title=""><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> a cat can move each ear independently of the other. Because of this mobility, a cat can move its body in one direction and point its ears in another direction. Most cats have straight ears pointing upward. Unlike <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, flap-eared breeds are extremely rare (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Folds</a> are one such exceptional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutation</a>.) When angry or frightened, a cat will lay back its ears, to accompany the growling or hissing sounds it makes. Cats also turn their ears back when they are playing, or to listen to a sound coming from behind them. The angle of cats' ears is an important clue to their mood.</p> <p><a name="Legs" id="Legs"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Legs</span></h3> <p>Cats, like dogs, are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrades</a>. They walk directly on their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">toes</a>, with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a> of their feet making up the lower part of the visible leg. Cats are capable of walking very precisely, because like all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">felines</a> they directly register; that is, they place each hind paw (almost) directly in the print of the corresponding forepaw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for their hind paws when they navigate rough terrain.</p> <p><a name="Claws" id="Claws"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Claws</span></h3> <p>Like nearly all members of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_%28biology%29" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>, cats have protractable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claws</a>. In their normal, relaxed position the claws are sheathed with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> around the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paw" title="Paw">toe pads</a>. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the forefeet are typically sharper than those on the hind feet.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-17" title=""><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading_%28cats%29" title="Kneading (cats)">kneading</a>", or for extra traction on soft surfaces (bedspreads, thick rugs, etc.). It is also possible to make a cooperative cat extend its claws by carefully pressing both the top and bottom of the paw. The curved claws may become entangled in carpet or thick fabric, which may cause injury if the cat is unable to free itself.</p> <p>Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four or five on their rear paws. Because of an ancient mutation, however, domestic and feral cats are prone to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">polydactylyism</a>, (particularly in the east coast of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and northeast coast of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) and may have six or seven toes. The fifth front claw (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewclaw" title="Dewclaw">dewclaw</a>) is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">proximal</a> to the other claws. More proximally, there is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws, on the inside of the wrists, is the carpal pad, also found on the paws of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_cat" title="Big cat">big cats</a> and dogs. It has no function in normal walking, but is thought to be an anti-skidding device used while jumping.</p> <p><a name="Skin" id="Skin"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Skin</span></h3> <p>Cats possess rather loose skin; this allows them to turn and confront a predator or another cat in a fight, even when it has a grip on them. This is also an advantage for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary</a> purposes, as it simplifies <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_%28medicine%29" title="Injection (medicine)">injections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-18" title=""><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> In fact, the lives of cats with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_failure" title="Renal failure">kidney failure</a> can sometimes be extended for years by the regular injection of large volumes of fluid subcutaneously, which serves as an alternative to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis" title="Dialysis">dialysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-19" title=""><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-20" title=""><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The particularly loose skin at the back of the neck is known as the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">scruff</a></i>, and is the area by which a mother cat grips her <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kittens</a> to carry them. As a result, cats tend to become quiet and passive when gripped there. This behavior also extends into adulthood, when a male will grab the female by the scruff to immobilize her while he mounts, and to prevent her from running away as the mating process takes place.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-21" title=""><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>This technique can be useful when attempting to treat or move an uncooperative cat. However, since an adult cat is heavier than a kitten, a pet cat should never be carried by the scruff, but should instead have its weight supported at the rump and hind legs, and at the chest and front paws. Often (much like a small child) a cat will lie with its head and front paws over a person's shoulder, and its back legs and rump supported under the person's arm.</p> <p><a name="Senses" id="Senses"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Senses</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_nose.jpg" class="image" title="The nose of a cat. The feline sense of smell is extremely sensitive."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cat_nose.jpg/140px-Cat_nose.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="151" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_nose.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The nose of a cat. The feline <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_senses#smell" title="Cat senses">sense of smell</a> is extremely sensitive.</div> </div> </div> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Cat senses</a></div> <p>Cat senses are attuned for hunting.</p> <p>Cats' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> is superior to humans although their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">vision</a> in daylight is inferior.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-22" title=""><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Cat eyes have a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum lucidum</a> and cat eyes that are blue typically lack <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a> and hence can show the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">red-eye effect</a> (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">odd-eyed cat</a>).</p> <p>Humans and cats have a similar range of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_%28sense%29" title="Hearing (sense)">hearing</a> at low frequencies, but cats can hear much higher-pitched sounds, up to 64 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">kHz</a>, which is 1.6 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a> above the range of a human, and even half an octave above the range of a dog.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-23" title=""><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A domestic cat's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction" title="Olfaction">sense of smell</a> is about fourteen times as strong as a human's.<sup id="cite_ref-senseofsmell_24-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-senseofsmell-24" title=""><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Due to a mutation in an early cat ancestor, one of two genes necessary to taste <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">sweetness</a> may have been lost by the cat family.<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_25-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-sugar-25" title=""><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrissa" title="Vibrissa">vibrissae</a> (whiskers) over their body, especially their face.</p> <p><a name="Metabolism" id="Metabolism"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Metabolism</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg" class="image" title="Two cats curled up together"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg/180px-2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="118" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Two cats curled up together</div> </div> </div> <p>Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually 12–16 hours, with 13–14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours in a 24-hour period. The term <i><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat_nap" class="extiw" title="wikt:cat nap">cat nap</a></i> refers to the cat's ability to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period and has entered the English lexicon—someone who nods off for a few minutes is said to be "taking a cat nap".</p> <p>Due to their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crepuscular" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> nature, cats are often known to enter a period of increased activity and playfulness during the evening and early morning, dubbed the "evening crazies", "night crazies", "elevenses", or "mad half-hour" by some.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-26" title=""><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-27" title=""><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The temperament of a cat can vary depending on the breed and socialization. Cats with oriental body types tend to be thinner and more active, while cats that have a cobby body type tend to be heavier and less active.</p> <p>The normal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">body temperature</a> of a cat is between 38 and 39 °<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a> (101 and 102.2 °<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-28" title=""><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> A cat is considered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">febrile</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermic</a>) if it has a temperature of 39.5 °C (103 °F) or greater, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">hypothermic</a> if less than 37.5 °C (100 °F). For comparison, humans have a normal temperature of approximately 36.8 °C (98.6 °F). A domestic cat's normal heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute, and is largely dependent on how excited the cat is. For a cat at rest, the average heart rate usually is between 150 and 180 bpm, about twice that of a human (average 80 bpm).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-29" title=""><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Genetics" id="Genetics"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Genetics</span></h3> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Cat coat genetics</a></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WhiteCat.jpg" class="image" title="Blue-eyed cats with white fur have a reputation for having greater incidence of genetic deafness."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/WhiteCat.jpg/180px-WhiteCat.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="169" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WhiteCat.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Blue-eyed cats with white fur have a reputation for having greater incidence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_impairment" title="Hearing impairment">deafness</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>A 2007 study published in the journal <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> asserts that all house cats are descended from a group of self-domesticating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildcat" title="African Wildcat">desert wildcats</a> <i>Felis silvestris lybica</i> circa 10,000 years ago, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-SciencemagNEO-3" title=""><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The domesticated cat and its closest wild ancestor are both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy#Diploid" title="Ploidy">diploid</a> organisms that possess 38 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-30" title=""><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> in which over 200 heritable genetic defects have been identified, many homologous to human inborn errors. Specific metabolic defects have been identified underlying many of these feline diseases. There are several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> responsible for the hair color identified. The combination of them gives different <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a>.</p> <p>Features like hair length, lack of tail, or presence of a very short tail (bobtail cat) are also determined by single <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">alleles</a> and modified by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygene" title="Polygene">polygenes</a>.</p> <p>The Cat Genome Project, sponsored by the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity at the U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick, Maryland</a>, focuses on the development of the cat as an animal model for human hereditary disease, infectious disease, genome evolution, comparative research initiatives within the family Felidae, and forensic potential.</p> <p>All felines, including the big cats, have a genetic anomaly that may prevent them from tasting sweetness,<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_25-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-sugar-25" title=""><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> which is a likely factor for their indifference to or avoidance of fruits, berries, and other sugary foods.</p> <p><a name="Feeding_and_diet" id="Feeding_and_diet"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Feeding and diet</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moxy02.JPG" class="image" title="A very young cat is being fed with milk."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Moxy02.JPG/180px-Moxy02.JPG" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="121" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moxy02.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A very young cat is being fed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="rellink">Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a></div> <p>Cats feed on small prey such as insects, birds, and rodents. Feral cats, or house cats who are free-fed, consume about 8 to 16 small meals in a single day. Despite this, adult cats can adapt to being fed once a day.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-31" title=""><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> Cats are classified as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore#Obligate_carnivores" title="Carnivore">obligate</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivores</a>, because their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> is geared toward efficient processing of meat, and lacks efficient processes for digesting plant matter. The cat cannot produce its own <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine" title="Taurine">taurine</a> (an essential organic acid), and, as it is contained in flesh, the cat must eat flesh to survive (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine#Taurine_and_cats" title="Taurine">Taurine and cats</a>). Similar to its teeth, a cat's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">digestive tract</a> has become specialized over time to suit meat eating, having shortened in length only to those segments of intestine best able to break down proteins and fats from animal flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-32" title=""><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> This trait severely limits the cat's ability to properly digest, metabolize, and absorb plant-derived nutrients, as well as certain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>. For example, taurine is scarce in plants but abundant in meats. It is a key amino sulfonic acid for eye health in cats. Taurine deficiency can cause a condition called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">macular degeneration</a> wherein the cat's retina slowly degenerates, eventually causing irreversible blindness.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouse_kill.jpg" class="image" title="A cat eating a House Mouse"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mouse_kill.jpg/140px-Mouse_kill.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="140" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouse_kill.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A cat eating a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Mouse" title="House Mouse">House Mouse</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Despite the cat's meat-oriented physiology, it is still quite common for a cat to supplement its carnivorous diet with small amounts of grass, leaves, shrubs, houseplants, or other plant matter. One theory suggests this behavior helps cats regurgitate if their digestion is upset; another is that it introduces fiber or trace minerals into the diet. In this context, caution is recommended for cat owners because some houseplants are harmful to cats. For example, the leaves of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum">Easter Lily</a> can cause permanent and life-threatening kidney damage to cats, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philodendron" title="Philodendron">Philodendron</a> are also poisonous to cats. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> has a full list of plants harmful to cats.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-33" title=""><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">Avocado</a> plant parts are toxic, but the fruit (minus the pit) is an ingredient in AvoDerm cat food.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-34" title=""><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> However, the ASPCA has declined to say whether this food is safe or not without knowing the details of how the avocado is processed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-35" title=""><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>There are several vegetarian or vegan commercially available cat foods supplemented with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">chemically synthesized</a> taurine and other added nutrients that attempt to address <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutritional</a> shortfalls.</p> <p>Cats can be selective eaters (which may be due in some way to the aforementioned mutation which caused their species to lose sugar-tasting ability). However, cats generally cannot tolerate lack of food for more than 36 hours without risking liver damage.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-36" title=""><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Cats have a fondness for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepeta" title="Nepeta">catnip</a>, which is sensed by their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_system" title="Olfactory system">olfactory systems</a>. Many enjoy consuming catnip, and most will often roll in it, paw at it, and occasionally chew on it.</p> <p>Cats can also develop odd eating habits. Some cats like to eat or chew on other things like plastic, paper, string, wool, or even coal. This condition is called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_%28disorder%29" title="Pica (disorder)">pica</a> and can threaten the cat's health depending on the amount and toxicity of the non-food items eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-37" title=""><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> The condition's name comes from the Latin word for magpie, a bird which is reputed to eat almost anything.</p> <p><a name="Toxic_sensitivity" id="Toxic_sensitivity"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Toxic sensitivity</span></h4> <p>The liver of a cat is less effective at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detoxification" title="Detoxification">detoxification</a> than those of other animals, including humans and dogs; therefore exposure to many common substances considered safe for households may be dangerous to them.<sup id="cite_ref-judy_38-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-judy-38" title=""><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> In general, the cat's environment should be examined for the presence of such toxins and the problem corrected or alleviated as much as possible; in addition, where sudden or prolonged serious illness without obvious cause is observed, the possibility of toxicity must be considered, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinarian" title="Veterinarian">veterinarian</a> informed of any such substances to which the cat may have had access.</p> <p>For instance, the common painkiller <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> or acetaminophen, sold under brand names such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylenol" title="Tylenol">Tylenol</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panadol" title="Panadol">Panadol</a>, is extremely toxic to cats; because they naturally lack <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> needed to metabolize and detoxify it, even minute portions of doses safe for humans can be fatal<sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CanVetJ2003-Allen_40-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-CanVetJ2003-Allen-40" title=""><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> and any suspected ingestion warrants immediate veterinary attention.<sup id="cite_ref-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar_41-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-41" title=""><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> Even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, which is sometimes used to treat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> in cats, is much more toxic to them than to humans and must be administered cautiously.<sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> Similarly, application of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">minoxidil</a> (Rogaine) to the skin of cats, either accidental or by well-meaning owners attempting to counter loss of fur, has sometimes proved fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-42" title=""><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-43" title=""><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In addition to such obvious dangers as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticides</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">weed killers</a>, other common household substances that should be used with caution in areas where cats may be exposed to them include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothball" title="Mothball">mothballs</a> and other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene">naphthalene</a> products,<sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a>-based products often used for cleaning and disinfecting near cats' feeding areas or litter boxes, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine-Sol" title="Pine-Sol">Pine-Sol</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dettol" title="Dettol">Dettol</a> (Lysol), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexachlorophene" title="Hexachlorophene">hexachlorophene</a>, <i>etc.</i><sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> which, although they are widely used without problem, have been sometimes seen to be fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-44" title=""><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">Ethylene glycol</a>, often used as an automotive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">antifreeze</a>, is particularly appealing to cats, and as little as a teaspoonful can be fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-45" title=""><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oils</a> are toxic to cats and there have been reported cases of serious illnesses caused by tea tree oil, and tea tree oil-based flea treatments and shampoos.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-46" title=""><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-47" title=""><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-48" title=""><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Many human foods are somewhat toxic to cats; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">theobromine</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> can cause <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning" title="Theobromine poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>, for instance, although few cats will eat chocolate. Toxicity in cats ingesting relatively large amounts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> has also been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> Even such seemingly safe items as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">cat food</a> packaged in pull tab <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_can" title="Tin can">tin cans</a> have been statistically linked to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a>; although the connection is far from proven, suspicion has fallen on the use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">bisphenol A</a>-based plastics, another phenol-based product as discussed above, to seal such cans.<sup id="cite_ref-vetinfo_39-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-vetinfo-39" title=""><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">houseplants</a> are at least somewhat toxic to many species, cats included<sup id="cite_ref-judy_38-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-judy-38" title=""><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> and the consumption of such plants by cats is to be avoided.</p> <p><a name="Behavior" id="Behavior"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">Behavior</span></h2> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Cat behavior</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">cat communication</a></div> <p><a name="Sociability" id="Sociability"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Sociability</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Listen,_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" class="image" title="Cats can befriend other cats. Here, one cat grooms the other."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg/180px-Listen%2C_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="120" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Listen,_do_you_want_to_know_a_secret.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Cats can <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">befriend</a> other cats. Here, one cat grooms the other.</div> </div> </div> <p>For cats, life in close proximity with humans (and other animals kept by humans) amounts to a "symbiotic social adaptation" which has developed over thousands of years. It has been suggested that, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethologically</a>, the human keeper of a cat functions as a sort of surrogate for the cat's mother, and that adult domestic cats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-49" title=""><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> a form of behavioral <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>.</p> <p>Cats may express affection towards their human companions, especially if they <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprinting_%28psychology%29" title="Imprinting (psychology)">imprint</a> on them at a very young age and are treated with consistent affection.</p> <p>Regardless of the average sociability of any given cat or of cats in general, there are still any number of cats who meet or exceed the negative feline stereotype insofar as being poorly socialized. Older cats have also been reported to sometimes develop aggressiveness towards kittens, which may include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as Feline Asocial Aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-50" title=""><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Cohabitation" id="Cohabitation"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Cohabitation</span></h3> <p>One may see natural house cat behavior by observing feral domestic cats, which are social enough to form <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat_colony" title="Feral cat colony" class="mw-redirect">colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_51-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-51" title=""><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with sexually active males having the largest territories, and neutered cats having the smallest. Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggressively</a> chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and growling, and if that does not work, by short but noisy and violent attacks.</p> <p>Despite cohabitation in colonies, cats do not have a social survival strategy, or a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">pack mentality</a>. This mainly means that an individual cat takes care of all basic needs on its own (e.g., finding food, and defending itself), and thus cats are always lone hunters; they do not hunt in groups as dogs or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a> do.</p> <p>Cats frequently tonguebathe themselves (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#hygiene" title="">hygiene</a>). The chemistry of their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a>, expended during their frequent grooming, appears to be a natural <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodorant" title="Deodorant">deodorant</a>. Thus, a cat's cleanliness would aid in decreasing the chance a prey animal could notice the cat's presence. By contrast, dog odor is an advantage in hunting, for a dog is a pack hunter; part of the pack stations itself upwind, and its odor drives prey towards the rest of the pack stationed downwind. This requires a cooperative effort, which in turn requires communication skills. No such communication skills are required of a lone hunter.</p> <p><a name="Fighting" id="Fighting"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Fighting</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GAto.jpg" class="image" title="Cats' acts of self-defence involve arching their backs, raising their fur, turning sideways, and hissing."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GAto.jpg/180px-GAto.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="140" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GAto.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Cats' acts of self-defence involve arching their backs, raising their fur, turning sideways, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss#animals" title="Hiss">hissing</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>When engaged in feline-to-feline combat for self-defense, territory, reproduction, or dominance, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfight_%28animal_behavior%29" title="Catfight (animal behavior)">fighting cats</a> make themselves appear more impressive and threatening by raising their fur and arching their backs, thus increasing their apparent size. Cats also behave this way while playing. Attacks usually comprise powerful slaps to the face and body with the forepaws as well as bites, but serious damage is rare; usually the loser runs away with little more than a few scratches to the face, and perhaps the ears. Cats will also throw themselves to the ground in a defensive posture to rake with their powerful hind legs. Normally, serious negative effects will be limited to possible infections of the scratches and bites, though these have been known to sometimes kill cats if untreated. In addition, such fighting is believed to be the primary route of transmission of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">feline immunodeficiency virus</a> (FIV). Sexually active males will usually be in many fights during their lives, and often have decidedly battered faces with obvious scars and cuts to the ears and nose. Not only males will fight; females will also fight over territory or to defend their kittens. Spaying females and neutering males will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases.</p> <p><a name="Play" id="Play"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Play</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section <b>needs additional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>.</b><br /><small>Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable references</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(April 2009)</i></small></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catplay-fight.JPG" class="image" title="Two cats play fighting"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Catplay-fight.JPG/180px-Catplay-fight.JPG" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catplay-fight.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Two cats play fighting</div> </div> </div> <p>Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">stalk, capture, and kill</a> prey.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-52" title=""><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> Many cats cannot resist a dangling piece of string, or a piece of rope drawn randomly and enticingly across the floor. This well known love of string is often depicted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a> and photographs, which show kittens or cats playing with balls of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a>. It is probably related to hunting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">instincts</a>, including the common practice of kittens hunting their mother's and each other's tails. If string is ingested, however, it can become caught in the cat’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine" title="Intestine">intestines</a>, causing illness, or in extreme cases, death. Due to possible complications caused by ingesting a string, string play is sometimes replaced with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_pointer" title="Laser pointer">laser pointer</a>'s dot, which some cats will chase. While caution is called for, there are no documented cases of feline eye damage from a laser pointer, and the combination of precision needed and low energy involved make it a remote risk. A common compromise is to use the laser pointer to draw the cat to a prepositioned toy so the cat gets a reward at the end of the chase. A regular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashlight" title="Flashlight">flashlight</a> with a well-focused light spot has been commonly used in such play for decades, preceding the availability of consumer laser pointers.</p> <p>Cats will also engage in play fighting, with each other and with human partners. Humans "wrestling" with a <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supine" class="extiw" title="wikt:supine">supine</a> cat, however, should be wary: if the cat is overstimulated or startled it may decide that the play has turned serious and cease to pull its punches; this can lead to serious scratches and occasionally even bites.</p> <p><a name="Hunting" id="Hunting"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Hunting</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat-eating-prey.jpg" class="image" title="A domestic cat presenting a bird to its owner"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cat-eating-prey.jpg/180px-Cat-eating-prey.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="120" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat-eating-prey.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A domestic cat presenting a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> to its owner</div> </div> </div> <p>Much like their big cat relatives, domestic and feral cats are very effective predators.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-53" title=""><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> Domestic felines ambush or pounce upon and immobilize vertebrate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">prey</a> using tactics similar to those of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tigers</a>. Having overpowered such prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its long <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine teeth</a> that either severs the prey's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a> with irreversible <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> to prey, causes fatal bleeding by puncturing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">carotid artery</a> or the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugular_vein" title="Jugular vein">jugular vein</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">asphyxiates</a> the prey by crushing its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" title="Vertebrate trachea">trachea</a>.</p> <p>One poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of prey to human owners. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethologist</a> Paul Leyhausen proposed that cats adopt humans into their social group, and share excess kill with others in the group according to the local <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecking_order" title="Pecking order">pecking order</a>, in which humans are placed at or near the top.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-54" title=""><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> However, anthropologist and animal scientist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a> in his 1986 book <i>Catwatching</i> suggests that when cats bring home mice or birds they have caught, they are teaching their human to hunt, or helping their human as if feeding "an elderly cat, or an inept kitten". Another possibility is that presenting the kill might be a relic of a kitten's behavior of demonstrating for its mother's approval that it has developed the necessary skill for hunting. Indoor cats will often retain their hunting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">instinct</a> and deliver small household items to their owners, such as watches, pens, pencils, and other objects they can carry in their mouths.</p> <p><a name="Reproduction" id="Reproduction"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Reproduction</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section <b>needs additional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>.</b><br /><small>Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable references</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(December 2007)</i></small></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="image" title="When cats mate, the male Tom bites the scruff of the female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to mating.[56]"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/180px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> When cats mate, the male <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomcat" title="Tomcat">Tom</a> bites the scruff of the female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mate_55-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Mate-55" title=""><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <p>Cats are seasonally <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyestrous" title="Polyestrous" class="mw-redirect">polyestrous</a>, which means they may have many periods of heat over the course of a year. A heat period lasts about 4 to 7 days if the female is bred; if she is not, the heat period lasts longer.</p> <p>Multiple males will be attracted to a female in heat. The males will fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female will reject the male, but eventually the female will allow the male to mate. The female will give a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her. After mating, the female will give herself a thorough wash. If a male attempts to breed with her at this point, the female will attack him. Once the female is done grooming, the cycle will repeat.</p> <p>The male cat's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> has spines which point backwards, a feature shared with other species such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions" title="Lions" class="mw-redirect">lions</a>. Upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>, which may cause <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a>. Because this does not always occur, females are rarely impregnated by the first male with which they mate. Furthermore, cats are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfecundation" title="Superfecundation">superfecund</a>; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, meaning different kittens in a litter may have different fathers.</p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wurf_katze_1day.jpg" class="image" title="A mother cat with kittens a few hours old"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Wurf_katze_1day.jpg/180px-Wurf_katze_1day.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wurf_katze_1day.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A mother cat with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kittens</a> a few hours old</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Youngkitten.JPG" class="image" title="A kitten with eyes open for the first time"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Youngkitten.JPG/180px-Youngkitten.JPG" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Youngkitten.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A kitten with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye" title="Eye">eyes</a> open for the first time</div> </div> </div> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> period for cats is approximately 63–65 days. The size of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_%28animal%29" title="Litter (animal)">litter</a> averages three to five kittens, with the first litter usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned at between six and seven weeks, and cats normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months (females) and to 5–7 months (males).</p> <p>Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks old (the recommended minimum age by Fédération Internationale Féline), or when they are ready to leave their mother. Cats can be surgically <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_%28surgical_procedure%29" title="Sterilization (surgical procedure)">sterilized</a> (spayed or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a>) as early as 6–8 weeks to limit unwanted reproduction. This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraying_%28animal_behavior%29" title="Spraying (animal behavior)">territory marking</a> (spraying urine) in males and yowling (calling) in females. If a cat is neutered after such behavior has been learned, however, then the behavior may persist.</p> <p><a name="Hygiene" id="Hygiene"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Hygiene</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="image" title="The hooked papillae on a cat tongue acts like a hairbrush to help clean and detangle fur."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/180px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="119" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The hooked papillae on a cat tongue acts like a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairbrush" title="Hairbrush">hairbrush</a> to help clean and detangle fur.</div> </div> </div> <p>Cats are known for their fastidious cleanliness. They groom themselves by licking their fur, employing their hooked <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiform_papilla" title="Filiform papilla">papillae</a> and saliva. As mentioned, their saliva is a powerful cleaning agent and deodorant. Many cats also enjoy grooming humans or other cats. Sometimes the act of grooming another cat is initiated as an assertion of superior position in the pecking order of a group (dominance grooming).</p> <p>Some cats occasionally regurgitate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairball" title="Hairball">hairballs</a> of fur that have collected in their stomachs as a result of their grooming. Longhaired cats are more prone to this than shorthaired cats. Hairballs can be prevented with certain cat foods and remedies that ease elimination of the hair, and regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush.</p> <p><a name="Scratching" id="Scratching"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Scratching</span></h3> <p>Cats are naturally driven to periodically hook their front claws into suitable surfaces and pull backwards, in order to clean the claws and remove the worn outer sheath, as well as exercise and stretch their muscles. This scratching behavior seems enjoyable to the cat, and even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">declawed</a> cats will go through elaborate scratching routines with every evidence of great satisfaction, despite the total lack of results. Some researchers believe this is due to scent glands located in their pads, and that scratching is effectively a part of marking territory.</p> <p><a name="Fondness_for_heights" id="Fondness_for_heights"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Fondness for heights</span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_in_tree03.jpg" class="image" title="A cat in a tree"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cat_in_tree03.jpg/180px-Cat_in_tree03.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="120" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_in_tree03.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> A cat in a tree</div> </div> </div> <p>Most breeds of cat have a noted fondness for settling in high places, or perching. Animal behaviorists have posited a number of explanations, the most common being that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory and become aware of activities of people and other pets in the area. In the wild, a higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats are known to strike prey by pouncing from such a perch as a tree branch, as does a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-56" title=""><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> Height, therefore, can also give cats a sense of security.</p> <p>During a fall from a high place, a cat can reflexively twist its body and right itself using its acute <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrioception" title="Equilibrioception">sense of balance</a> and flexibility.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-57" title=""><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> This is known as the cat's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">righting reflex</a>". It always rights itself in the same way, provided it has the time to do so, during a fall. The height required for this to occur in most cats (safely) is around 90 cm (3 feet). Cats without a tail also have this ability, since a cat mostly moves its hind legs and relies on conservation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> to set up for landing, and the tail is in fact little used for this feat.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-58" title=""><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>However, cats' fondness for high spaces can dangerously test the righting reflex. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a> warns owners to safeguard the more dangerous perches in their homes, to avoid "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-rise_syndrome" title="High-rise syndrome">high-rise syndrome</a>", where an overconfident cat falls from an extreme height.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-59" title=""><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Ecology" id="Ecology"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">Ecology</span></h2> <p><a name="Habitat" id="Habitat"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Habitat</span></h3> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildcat" title="African Wildcat">African Wildcat</a> (<i>Felis silvestris lybica</i>), ancestor of the domestic cat, is believed to have evolved in a desert climate, as evident in the behavior common to both the domestic and wild forms. Wildcats (<i>Felis sylvestris</i>) are native to all continents other than Australia and Antarctica, although feral cats have become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex_predator" title="Apex predator">apex predators</a> in the Australian Outback where they are menaces to wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-60" title=""><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> The DNA of the wildcats has been found to match DNA in housecats. <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-61" title=""><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Their feces are usually dry, and cats prefer to bury them in sandy places. Urine is highly concentrated, which allows the cat to retain as much fluid as possible. They are able to remain motionless for long periods, especially when observing prey and preparing to pounce. In North Africa there are still small wildcats that are probably related closely to the ancestors of today's domesticated cat breeds.</p> <p>Being closely related to desert animals, cats enjoy heat and solar exposure, often sleeping in a sunny area during the heat of the day, as part of a general preference for warm temperatures. Where humans typically start to feel uncomfortable when their skin temperature gets higher than about 44.5 °C (112 °F), by contrast cats do not start to show signs of discomfort until their skin reaches about 52 °C (126 °F).</p> <p>Overall, cats can easily withstand the heat and cold of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperateness" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate, so long as the cold is not for extended periods. Although certain breeds such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_Cat" title="Norwegian Forest Cat">Norwegian Forest Cat</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a> have developed heavier coats of fur than other cats, they have little resistance against moist cold (e.g., fog, rain, and snow) and struggle to maintain their 39 °C (102 °F) body temperature when wet. In direct relation to that fact, most cats dislike immersion in water. One major exception is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a> breed which has an unusual fondness for water.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-62" title=""><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_%28cat%29" title="Abyssinian (cat)">Abyssinians</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_%28cat%29" title="Bengal (cat)">Bengals</a> are also reported to be more tolerant of water than most cats.</p> <p><a name="Impact_of_hunting" id="Impact_of_hunting"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Impact of hunting</span></h3> <p>The domestic cat hunts and eats over a thousand species, many of them <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>, especially insects; many big cats will eat fewer than a hundred different species. Although theoretically big cats can kill most smaller animals as well, they often do not due to the relatively low nutritional content that these species provide for the effort. An exception is the leopard, which commonly hunts rabbits and many other smaller animals. Even well-fed domestic cats may hunt and kill birds, mice, rats, scorpions, cockroaches, grasshoppers, and other small animals in their environment.</p> <p>As a consequence of their exceptional hunting ability, cats can be quite destructive to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> in which they are not native, where local species have not had time to adapt to feline <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduction</a>. In some cases, cats have contributed to or caused <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinctions</a>—for example, see the case of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren" title="Stephens Island Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>. Due to their hunting behavior, in many countries feral cats are considered pests. Domestic cats are occasionally also required to have contained cat runs or to be kept inside entirely, as they can be hazardous to locally endangered bird species. For instance, various municipalities in Australia have enacted such legislation. In some localities, owners fit their cat with a bell in order to warn prey of its approach (although some cats may figure out how and when the bell works, thereby learning more careful movements to avoid the ringing).</p> <p><a name="House_cats" id="House_cats"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">House cats</span></h2> <p><a name="Domestication" id="Domestication"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Domestication</span></h3> <p>In 2004, a grave was excavated in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> that contained the skeletons, laid close to one another, of both a human and a cat. The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old, pushing back the earliest known feline-human association significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-9500_years_4-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-9500_years-4" title=""><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-63" title=""><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-64" title=""><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Like some other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> animals, cats live in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism" title="Mutualism">mutualistic</a> arrangement with humans. It is believed that the benefit of removing rats and mice from humans' food stores outweighed the trouble of extending the protection of a human settlement to a formerly wild animal, almost certainly for humans who had adopted a farming economy. Unlike the dog, which also hunts and kills rodents, the cat does not eat grains, fruits, or vegetables.</p> <p>In modern rural areas, farms often have dozens of semi-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cats</a>. Hunting in the barns and the fields, they kill and eat rodents that would otherwise spoil large parts of the grain crop. Many pet cats successfully hunt and kill <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, and large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">instinct</a>, but might not eat their prey.</p> <p>In modern urban areas, some people find feral and free-roaming pet cats annoying and intrusive. Unaltered cats can engage in persistent nighttime calling (termed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication#other_noises" title="Cat communication">caterwauling</a>) and defecation or "marking" of private property. Indoor confinement of pets and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap-Neuter-Return" title="Trap-Neuter-Return">trap-neuter-and-return</a> programs for feral cats can help; some people also use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_deterrent" title="Cat deterrent">cat deterrents</a> to discourage cats from entering their property.</p> <p>In captivity, indoor cats typically live 14 to 20 years, though the oldest known cat lived to age 36.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-65" title=""><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup> Domesticated cats tend to live longer if they are not permitted to go outdoors (reducing the risk of injury from fights or accidents and exposure to diseases) and if they are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a>. Some benefits of neutering are that castrated males cannot develop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer" title="Testicular cancer">testicular cancer</a>, spayed females cannot develop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>, and both have a reduced risk of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary_tumor" title="Mammary tumor">mammary cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-66" title=""><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Interaction_with_humans" id="Interaction_with_humans"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Interaction with humans</span></h3> <p>Human attitudes toward cats vary widely. Some people keep cats for casual companionship as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a>. Cats are also bred and shown as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">registered</a> pedigree pets, in a hobby known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_fancy" title="Animal fancy">cat fancy</a>.</p> <p>Because of their small size, domesticated house cats pose almost no major danger to adult humans—the main hazard is the possibility of infection (e.g., <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">cat-scratch disease</a>, or, rarely, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>) from a cat bite or scratch. Cats can also potentially inflict severe scratches or puncture an eye, though this is quite rare (although dogs have been known to be blinded by cats in fights, where the cat specifically and accurately targeted the eyes of the larger animal).</p> <p><a name="Allergens" id="Allergens"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Allergens</span></h4> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergic</a> reactions to cat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dander" title="Dander">dander</a> and/or cat saliva inspire one of the most common reasons people cite for disliking cats. Some humans who are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_allergy" title="Cat allergy">allergic to cats</a>—typically manifested by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis#hay_fever" title="Rhinitis">hay fever</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, or a skin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rash</a>—quickly acclimate themselves to a particular animal and live comfortably in the same house with it, while retaining an allergy to cats in general.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-67" title=""><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> However, this should not be depended upon.</p> <p>Many humans find the rewards of cat companionship outweigh the discomfort and problems associated with these allergens. Some cope with the problem by taking prescription allergy medicine, along with bathing their cats frequently (weekly bathing will eliminate about 90% of the cat dander present in the environment). There are also attempts to breed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_allergy#Hypoallergenic_cats" title="Cat allergy">cats that are less likely to provoke an allergic reaction</a>.</p> <p><a name="Trainability" id="Trainability"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Trainability</span></h4> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Unverifiable</a> material may be challenged and removed. <small><i>(January 2009)</i></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Casting_Cats.jpg" class="image" title="Casting call for black cats, Hollywood, 1961"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Casting_Cats.jpg/140px-Casting_Cats.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="147" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Casting_Cats.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Casting call for black cats, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles, California">Hollywood</a>, 1961</div> </div> </div> <p>Some owners seek to train their cat in performing tricks commonly exhibited by dogs, such as jumping, though this is rare. Individual cats have been known to learn to manipulate simple mechanisms, like sink faucets, by themselves or after prompting/encouraging. With effort and patience on the part of an owner, the average cat can usually be trained to at least obey simple commands such as "get off the furniture" or "come to dinner". In general though, the seeming intractability of the ordinary house cat to training has long inspired the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">simile</a> <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herd_cats" class="extiw" title="wikt:herd cats">'like herding cats'</a>, as a general expression to describe any situation with a stubborn or uncooperative learner.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p> <p><a name="Indoor_scratching" id="Indoor_scratching"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Indoor scratching</span></h3> <p>Cats are naturally driven to periodically hook their front claws into suitable surfaces and pull backwards, in order to clean the claws. Indoor cats benefit from being provided with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratching_post" title="Scratching post">scratching post</a> so that they are less likely to use carpet or furniture which they can easily ruin.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-68" title=""><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> Commercial scratching posts typically are covered in carpeting or upholstery, but some authorities advise against this practice, as not making it clear to the cat which surfaces are permissible and which are not; they suggest using a plain wooden surface, or reversing the carpeting on the posts so that the rougher texture of the carpet backing is a more attractive alternative to the cat than the floor covering. Scratching posts made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">sisal</a> rope or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">corrugated cardboard</a> are also commonly found. Some indoor cats, however, especially those that were taken as kittens from feral colonies, may not understand the concept of a scratching post, and as a result will ignore it.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_claw_closeup.jpg" class="image" title="Close-up of a cat's claw, with the quick clearly visible"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Cat_claw_closeup.jpg/180px-Cat_claw_closeup.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_claw_closeup.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Close-up of a cat's claw, with the quick clearly visible</div> </div> </div> <p>Although scratching can serve cats to keep their claws from growing excessively long, their nails can be trimmed if necessary with a small nail trimmer designed for humans, or a small pair of electrician's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_pliers" title="Diagonal pliers">diagonal cutting pliers</a>, or a guillotine type cutter specifically designed for animal nail trimming. Care must always be taken to avoid cutting the <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quick#Noun" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:quick">quick</a> of the claw, analogous to cutting into the tip of a finger and equally painful and bloody. The position of the quick can be easily seen through the translucent nail of a cat with light colored claws but not in cats with dark colored nails, who therefore require carefully trimming of only small amounts from the nails.</p> <p>Scratching can be reduced and even eliminated by disciplining the cat with a quick spritz from a water bottle when the cat is scratching or by applying a product called Sticky Paws (similar to double-sided tape) to the surface the cat is prone to scratch. Cats are also repelled by citrus scents, and a citrus-scented product may also help stop unwanted furniture destruction. Pet supply stores also sell bitter apple spray, which cats do not like and will generally avoid.</p> <p><a name="Declawing" id="Declawing"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Declawing</span></h4> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Onychectomy</a></div> <p>Declawing is a surgical procedure, known as <i>onychectomy</i>, to remove the claw and first bone of each digit of a cat's paws. Declawing is most commonly only performed on front feet.</p> <p>Declawing may be performed to prevent the cat from damaging furniture. Additionally, declawing may be performed on vicious cats, cats that frequently fight with other pets, or cats that are too efficient at predation of animals. In the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlord" title="Landlord">landlords</a> sometimes require that tenants' cats be declawed.</p> <p>Declawing is controversial and is uncommon outside of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-69" title=""><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> In many countries, it is prohibited by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy#Declawing_practices" title="Onychectomy">animal cruelty laws</a>. In the US it is condemned by both the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-70" title=""><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> and many veterinarians refuse to perform the procedure.</p> <p><a name="Waste" id="Waste"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Waste</span></h3> <p>Indoor cats are usually provided with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_box" title="Litter box">litter box</a> containing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_litter" title="Cat litter">litter</a>, typically <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite" title="Bentonite">bentonite</a>, but sometimes other absorbent material such as shredded paper or wood chips, or sometimes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> or similar material. This arrangement serves the same purpose as a toilet for humans. It should be cleaned daily and changed often, depending on the number of cats in a household and the type of litter; if it is not kept clean, a cat may be fastidious enough to find other locations in the house for urination or defecation. This may also happen for other reasons; for instance, if a cat becomes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipated</a> and defecation is uncomfortable, it may associate the discomfort with the litter box and avoid it in favor of another location. A litterbox is recommended for indoor-outdoor cats as well.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toilet_Trained_Cat_22_Aug_2005.jpg" class="image" title="Toilet-trained house cat"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Toilet_Trained_Cat_22_Aug_2005.jpg/140px-Toilet_Trained_Cat_22_Aug_2005.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="155" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toilet_Trained_Cat_22_Aug_2005.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Toilet-trained house cat</div> </div> </div> <p>Daily attention to the litter box also serves as a monitor of the cat's health. Numerous variations on litter and litter box design exist, including some which automatically sift the litter after each use. Bentonite or clumping litter is a variation which absorbs urine into clumps which can be sifted out along with feces, and thus stays cleaner longer with regular sifting, but has sometimes been reported to cause health problems in some cats.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-71" title=""><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup> Those with toxoplasmosis-infected cats living in habitat areas of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otters</a><sup id="cite_ref-mag72_72-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-mag72-72" title=""><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> may wish to dispose of droppings in the trash, rather than flushing them down the toilet.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-73" title=""><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Litterboxes may pose a risk of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a> transmission to susceptible pregnant women and immuno-compromised individuals. Most indoor-only cats are not normally exposed to the disease and are not carriers. Transmission risk may be reduced by daily litterbox cleaning by someone other than the susceptible individual.</p> <p>Some cats can be trained to use the human toilet, eliminating the litter box and its attendant expense, unpleasant odor, and the need to use landfill space for disposal. Training may involve four to six weeks of incremental moves, such as moving and elevating the litter box until it is near the toilet, as well as employing an adapter such as a bowl or small box to suspend the litter above the toilet bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-74" title=""><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup> Several kits and other aids are marketed to help toilet-train cats. When training is complete, the cat uses the toilet by squatting on the toilet seat over the bowl.</p> <p><a name="Domesticated_varieties" id="Domesticated_varieties"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Domesticated varieties</span></h3> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">list of cat breeds</a> is quite large: most cat registries actually recognize between 30 and 40 breeds of cats, and several more are in development, with one or more new breeds being recognized each year on average, having distinct features and heritage. The owners and breeders of show cats compete to see whose animal bears the closest resemblance to the "ideal" definition and standard of the breed (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selective breeding</a>). Because of common crossbreeding in populated areas, many cats are simply identified as belonging to the homogeneous breeds of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_longhaired_cat" title="Domestic longhaired cat">domestic longhair</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_shorthaired_cat" title="Domestic shorthaired cat">domestic shorthair</a>, depending on their type of fur. In the United Kingdom and Australia, non-purebred cats are referred in slang as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moggy" title="Moggy">moggies</a> (derived from "Maggie", short for Margaret, reputed to have been a common name for cows and calves in 18th century England and latter applied to housecats during the Victorian era).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-75" title=""><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup> In the United States, a non-purebred cat is sometimes referred to in slang as a barn or alley cat, even if it is not a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">stray</a>. Cats come in a variety of colors and patterns. These are physical properties and should not be confused with a breed of cat. Some original cat breeds that have a distinct phenotype that is the main type occurring naturally as the dominant domesticated cat type in their region of origin are sometimes considered as subspecies and also have received names as such in nomenclature, although this is not supported by feline biologists. Some of these cat breeds are:</p> <ul><li><i>F. catus anura</i> - the Manx</li><li><i>F. catus siamensis</i> - the Siamese</li><li><i>F. catus cartusenensis</i> - the Chartreux</li><li><i>F. catus angorensis</i> - the Turkish Angora</li></ul> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greece-Cat.jpg" class="image" title="Cat with a van pattern"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Greece-Cat.jpg/140px-Greece-Cat.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="178" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greece-Cat.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Cat with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">van</a> pattern</div> </div> </div> <p><a name="Coat_patterns" id="Coat_patterns"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Coat patterns</span></h4> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Cat coat genetics</a> can produce a variety of coat patterns. Some of the most common are:</p> <dl><dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor, Tuxedo and Van</a> </dt><dd>This pattern varies between the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolor_cat#Tuxedo_cats" title="Bicolor cat">tuxedo cat</a> which is mostly black with a white chest, and possibly markings on the face and paws/legs, all the way to the <i>Van</i> pattern (so named after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van" title="Lake Van">Lake Van</a> area in Turkey, which gave rise to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a> breed), where the only colored parts of the cat are the tail (usually including the base of the tail proper), and the top of the head (often including the ears). There are several other terms for amounts of white between these two extremes, such as <i>Harlequin</i> or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellicle" title="Jellicle" class="mw-redirect">jellicle</a> cat</i>. Bicolor cats can have as their primary (non-white) color black, red, any dilution thereof, and tortoiseshell (see below for definition).</dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Felis_silvestris_-_July_2007-1.jpg" class="image" title="Mackerel tabby cat, showing the characteristic "M" on its forehead"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Felis_silvestris_-_July_2007-1.jpg/180px-Felis_silvestris_-_July_2007-1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="148" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Felis_silvestris_-_July_2007-1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Mackerel tabby cat, showing the characteristic "M" on its forehead</div> </div> </div> <dl><dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a> </dt><dd>Striped, with a variety of patterns. The classic "blotched" tabby (or "marbled") pattern is the most common and consists of butterflies and bullseyes. The "mackerel" or "striped" tabby is a series of vertical stripes down the cat's side (resembling the fish). This pattern broken into spots is referred to as a "spotted" tabby. Finally, the tabby markings may look like a series of ticks on the fur, thus the "ticked" tabby, which is almost exclusively associated with the Abyssinian breed of cats. The worldwide evolution of the cat means that certain types of tabby are associated with certain countries; for instance, blotched tabbies are quite rare outside NW Europe, where they are the most common type.</dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curlycat02.jpg" class="image" title="Female tortoiseshell-and-white cat"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Curlycat02.jpg/180px-Curlycat02.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="154" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curlycat02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Female tortoiseshell-and-white cat</div> </div> </div> <dl><dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell and Calico</a></dt><dd>This cat is also known as a Calimanco cat or Clouded Tiger cat, and by the nickname "tortie." In the cat fancy, a tortoiseshell cat is randomly patched over with red (or its dilute form, cream) and black (or its dilute blue) mottled throughout the coat. Additionally, the cat may have white spots in its fur, which make it a "tortoiseshell and white" cat or, if there is a significant amount of white in the fur and the red and black colors form a patchwork rather than a mottled aspect, the cat will be called a "calico." All calicos are tortoiseshell (as they carry both black and red), but not all tortoiseshells are calicos (which requires a significant amount of white in the fur and patching rather than mottling of the colors). The calico is also sometimes called a "tricolor cat." The Japanese refer to this pattern as <i>mi-ke</i> (meaning "triple fur"), while the Dutch call these cats <i>lapjeskat</i> (meaning "patches cat"). A true tricolor must consist of three colors: a reddish color, dark or light; white; and one other color, typically a brown, black, or blue.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-76" title=""><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup> Both tortoiseshell and calico cats are typically female because the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_%28animal%29" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a> pattern is the result of differential <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X chromosome</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-inactivation" title="X-inactivation">inactivation</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female" title="Female">females</a> (which, as with all normal female <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, have two X <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a>). Conversely, cats where the overall color is ginger (orange) are commonly male (roughly in a 3:1 ratio). In a litter sired by a ginger tom, the females will be tortoiseshell or ginger. Male tortoiseshells can occur as a result of chromosomal abnormalities (often linked to sterility) or by a phenomenon known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_%28genetics%29" title="Mosaic (genetics)">mosaicism</a>, where two early stage embryos are merged into a single kitten.</dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Niobe050905-Siamese_Cat.jpeg" class="image" title="Siamese cat, classical colorpoint pattern"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Niobe050905-Siamese_Cat.jpeg/140px-Niobe050905-Siamese_Cat.jpeg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="188" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Niobe050905-Siamese_Cat.jpeg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese cat</a>, classical colorpoint pattern</div> </div> </div> <dl><dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_%28coat_color%29" title="Point (coat color)">Colorpoint</a></dt><dd>The colorpoint pattern is most commonly associated with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese</a> cats, but may also appear in any domesticated cat. A colorpointed cat has dark colors on the face, ears, feet, and tail, with a lighter version of the same color on the rest of the body, and possibly some white. The exact name of the colorpoint pattern depends on the actual color, so there are seal points (dark brown), chocolate points (warm lighter brown), blue points (dark gray), lilac or frost points (silvery gray-pink), red or flame points (orange), and tortie (tortoiseshell mottling) points, among others. This pattern is the result of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation#Special_classes" title="Mutation">temperature sensitive mutation</a> in one of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway" title="Metabolic pathway">metabolic pathway</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a> to pigment, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a>; thus, little or no pigment is produced except in the extremities or "points," where the skin is slightly cooler. For this reason, colorpointed cats tend to darken with age as bodily temperature drops; also, the fur over a significant injury may sometimes darken or lighten as a result of temperature change.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>The tyrosine pathway also produces <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>, thus mutations in the early parts of that pathway may affect not only pigment, but also neurological development. This results in a higher frequency of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">cross-eyes</a> among colorpointed cats, as well as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_tiger#Genetics_and_albinism" title="White tiger">high frequency of cross-eyes in white tigers</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>White cats</dt><dd>True albinism (a mutation of the tyrosinase gene) is quite rare in cats. Much more common is the appearance of white coat color due to a lack of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte" title="Melanocyte">melanocytes</a> in the skin. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin#Melanin_deficiency_in_genetic_disorders_and_disease_states" title="Melanin">higher frequency of deafness in white cats</a> is due to a reduction in the population and survival of melanoblast stem cells, which in addition to creating pigment producing cells, develop into a variety of neurological cell types. White cats with one or two blue eyes have a particularly high likelihood of being deaf.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Smoke cats</dt></dl> <dl><dd>The bottom eighth of each hair is white or creamy-white, with the rest of the hair being a solid color. Genetically this color is a non-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agouti_signalling_peptide" title="Agouti signalling peptide">agouti</a> cat with the dominant inhibitor gene; a non-agouti version of the silver <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">tabby</a>. Smoke cats will look solid colored until they move, when the white undercoat becomes apparent. It is mostly found in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed">pedigreed cats</a> (especially longhair breeds) but also present in some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_longhaired_cat" title="Domestic longhaired cat">domestic longhaired cats</a>.</dd></dl> <p><a name="Body_types" id="Body_types"></a></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline">Body types</span></h4> <p>Cats can also come in several body types, ranging between two extremes:</p> <dl><dt>Oriental</dt><dd>Not a specific breed, but any cat with an elongated slender build, almond-shaped eyes, long nose, large ears (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a> breeds are examples of this).</dd><dt>Foreign</dt><dd>less slender than the oriental type, but nevertheless a cat with a slight build and generally athletic look. Typical example breeds would be the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_%28cat%29" title="Abyssinian (cat)">Abyssinian cat</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a>. Some people consider the foreign and oriental body types as being the same, however.</dd><dt>Semi-Foreign</dt><dd>More or less the middle range of body conformation types, this type of cat is less slender without being stocky. Example breeds would be the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a>.</dd><dt>Semi-Cobby</dt><dd>these cats look more rounded without looking too stocky. Example breeds would be the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a>.</dd><dt>Cobby</dt><dd>Any cat with a short, muscular, compact build, roundish eyes, short nose, and small ears. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_%28cat%29" title="Persian (cat)">Persian cats</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic cats</a> are two prime examples of such a body type.</dd></dl> <p><a name="Feral_cats" id="Feral_cats"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">Feral cats</span></h2> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section <b>needs additional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>.</b><br /><small>Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable references</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(May 2008)</i></small></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="image" title="Feral farm cat showing effects of a rough life"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/140px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="163" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Feral <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a> showing effects of a rough life</div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cats</a> may live alone, but most are found in large groups called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat_colony" title="Feral cat colony" class="mw-redirect">feral colonies</a> with communal nurseries, depending on resource availability. Most abandoned cats probably have little alternative to joining a feral colony. Some feral cat colonies are found in large cities such as around the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Romanum" title="Forum Romanum" class="mw-redirect">Forum Romanum</a> in Rome. The Roman cats are not truly feral because they are partly fed and vetted by the local authority. Because cats are adaptable, those in residential areas know that if they are friendly to humans they need not worry about food or shelter. Some urban "stray" cats have many houses/humans to support them.</p> <p>Although cats are adaptable, feral felines are unable to thrive in extreme cold and heat, and with a very high protein requirement, few find adequate nutrition on their own in cities. They are often killed by dogs, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, and automobiles. However, there are thousands of volunteers and organizations that trap these unadoptable feral felines, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutering</a> them, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunize</a> the cats against rabies and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_leukemia" title="Feline leukemia" class="mw-redirect">feline leukemia</a>, and treat them with long-lasting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">flea</a> products. Before release back into their feral colonies, the attending veterinarian often nips the tip off one ear to mark the feral as neutered and inoculated, since these cats will more than likely find themselves trapped again. Volunteers continue to feed and give care to these cats throughout their lives, and not only is their lifespan greatly increased, but behavior and nuisance problems, due to competition for food, are also greatly reduced.</p> <p><a name="Environmental_effects" id="Environmental_effects"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Environmental effects</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feral_cat_gl3.gif" class="image" title="Trapped feral cat"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Feral_cat_gl3.gif" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="132" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feral_cat_gl3.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Trapped feral cat</div> </div> </div> <p>Feral cats are thought to be a major predator of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> coastal and forest habitats, and are one species among many responsible for the decline of endemic forest bird species as well as seabirds like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge-tailed_Shearwater" title="Wedge-tailed Shearwater">Wedge-tailed Shearwater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-77" title=""><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup> In one study of 56 cats' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a>, the remains of 44 birds were found, 40 of which were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_birds_of_Hawaii" title="Endemic birds of Hawaii">endemic species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-78" title=""><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> there are many landmasses including Australia where cat species have never been native, and other placental mammalian predators were rare or absent. Native species there, for example, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakapo" title="Kakapo">Kakapo</a>, tend to be more ecologically vulnerable and behaviorally "naive" to predation by feral cats. Feral cats have had serious effects on these wildlife species and have played a leading role in the endangerment and extinction of many of them. In Australia a large quantity of native birds, lizards and small marsupials are taken every year by feral cats, and feral cats have played a role in driving some small marsupial species to extinction. Some organizations in Australia are now making the effort to create fenced islands of habitat for endangered species that are free of feral cats and foxes.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-79" title=""><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Ethical_and_humane_concerns_over_feral_cats" id="Ethical_and_humane_concerns_over_feral_cats"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Ethical and humane concerns over feral cats</span></h3> <p>The environmental impact of feral cat programs and of indoor/outdoor cats is a subject of debate. Part of this stems from humane concern for the cats, and part stems from concerns about cat predation on endangered species. The amount of ecological damage done by indoor/outdoor cats depends on local conditions. As suggested above, the most severe effect occurs to island ecologies. Environmental concerns may be minimal in most of the UK where cats are an established species and few to none of the local prey species are endangered. Pet owners can contact veterinarians, ecological organizations, and universities for opinions about whether local conditions are suitable for outdoor cats. Additional concerns include potential dangers from larger predators and infectious diseases. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coyotes" title="Coyotes" class="mw-redirect">Coyotes</a> kill large numbers of housecats in the Southwestern United States, even in urban zones. FELV (feline leukemia), FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus), or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a> may be present in the area. If faced with conflicting evidence, the safe choice is to keep a cat indoors.</p> <p>Cats present a risk of overpopulation, as well. According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3–4 million cats and dogs are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">euthanized</a> each year in the United States and many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are significantly more animals being born than there are homes. Neutering pets helps keep the overpopulation down. A study in 1992 found that in the USA, 12,893 (29.4%) of pets, 26.9% of dogs and 32.6% of cats were sterilized.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-80" title=""><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup> Local humane societies, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPCA" title="SPCA" class="mw-redirect">SPCAs</a>, and other animal protection organizations urge people to neuter their pets and to adopt from shelters instead of purchasing elsewhere.</p> <p><a name="Etymology_and_taxonomic_history" id="Etymology_and_taxonomic_history"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">Etymology and taxonomic history</span></h2> <p><a name="Scientific_classification" id="Scientific_classification"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Scientific classification</span></h3> <p>The domestic cat was first classified as <i>Felis catus</i> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect">Carolus Linnaeus</a> in the tenth edition of his <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i> of 1758.<sup id="cite_ref-Linaeus1758_1-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Linaeus1758-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3-catus_81-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-MSW3-catus-81" title=""><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup> However, some contemporary studies have revealed evidence that domestic cats may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspecificity" title="Conspecificity">conspecific</a> with (belong to the same species as) the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">Wildcat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3-catus_81-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-MSW3-catus-81" title=""><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup> classified as <i>Felis silvestris</i> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber" title="Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber">Schreber</a> in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3-silvestris_82-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-MSW3-silvestris-82" title=""><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> This has resulted in mixed usage of the terms. The domestic cat is sometimes considered to be a subspecies, <i>F. s. catus</i>, of the species <i>F. silvestris</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-SciencemagNEO-3" title=""><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Wildcats have also been referred to as various subspecies of <i>F. catus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3-silvestris_82-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-MSW3-silvestris-82" title=""><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> but in 2003, Opinion 2027 of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">ICZN</a> fixed the name for Wildcats as <i>F. silvestris</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-83" title=""><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> The predominant usage for the domestic cat remains to be <i>F. catus</i>, treating it as a separate species and following the convention of using the earliest (the senior) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_%28taxonomy%29" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonym</a> proposed.</p> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben" title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben">Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben</a> classified the domesticated cat as <i>Felis domesticus</i> in his <i>Anfangsgründe der Naturlehre and Systema regni animalis</i> of 1777. This name, and its variants <i>Felis catus domesticus</i> and <i>Felis silvestris domesticus</i>, are often seen, but they are not valid scientific names under the rules of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a>.</p> <p><a name="Nomenclature" id="Nomenclature"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Nomenclature</span></h3> <p>A group of cats is referred to as a "clowder", a male cat is called a "tom" (or a "gib", if neutered), and a female is called a "molly" or "queen". The male progenitor of a cat, especially a pedigreed cat, is its "sire", and its female progenitor is its "dam". An immature cat is called a "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a>" (which is also an alternative name for young <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehogs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beavers</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>). In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Britain in the Middle Ages" class="mw-redirect">medieval Britain</a>, the word <i>kitten</i> was interchangeable with the word <i>catling</i>. A cat whose <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">ancestry</a> is formally registered is called a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_%28cat%29" title="Pedigree (cat)" class="mw-redirect">pedigreed cat</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purebred_cat" title="Purebred cat" class="mw-redirect">purebred cat</a>, or a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_cat" title="Show cat">show cat</a> (although not all show cats are pedigreed or purebred). In strict terms, a purebred cat is one whose ancestry contains only individuals of the same breed. A pedigreed cat is one whose ancestry is recorded, but may have ancestors of different breeds (almost exclusively new breeds; cat registries are very strict about which breeds can be mated together). Cats of unrecorded mixed ancestry are referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_longhair_cat" title="Domestic longhair cat" class="mw-redirect">domestic longhairs</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_shorthair_cat" title="Domestic shorthair cat" class="mw-redirect">domestic shorthairs</a> or commonly as random-bred, moggies, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">mongrels</a>, mutt-cats or alley cats. The ratio of pedigree/purebred cats to random-bred cats varies from country to country. However, generally speaking, purebreds are less than ten percent of the total Feline population.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-84" title=""><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Etymology" id="Etymology"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Etymology</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" title="wikt:Special:Search/Cat"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="44" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">Look up <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/cat" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/cat">cat</a></b></i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The word <i>cat</i> derives from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>catt</i>, which belongs to a group of related words in European languages, including Welsh <i>cath</i>, Spanish <i>gato</i>, Basque <i>katu</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" title="Byzantine Greek" class="mw-redirect">Byzantine Greek</a> <i>kátia</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> <i>cat</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Katze</i>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> <i>kotka</i>. The ultimate source of all these terms is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Late Latin</a> <i>catus, cattus, catta</i> "domestic cat", as opposed to <i>feles</i> "European wildcat". It is unclear whether the Greek or the Latin came first, but they were undoubtedly borrowed from an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a> language akin to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Nubian_language" title="Old Nubian language">Nubian</a> <i>kadís</i> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> <i>kaddîska</i>, both meaning "wildcat".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-85" title=""><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup> This term was either cognate with or borrowed from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Egyptian" title="Late Egyptian">Late Egyptian</a> <i>čaus</i> "jungle cat, African wildcat" (later giving <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a> <i>šau</i> "tomcat"),<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-86" title=""><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> itself from earlier <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" title="Ancient Egyptian language" class="mw-redirect">Egyptian</a> <i>tešau</i> "female cat"<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-87" title=""><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup> (vs. <i>miew</i> "tomcat").<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-88" title=""><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The term <i>puss</i> (as in pussycat) may come from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>poes</i> or from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> <i>Puuskatte</i>, dialectal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <i>kattepus</i>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <i>pus</i>, <i>pusekatt</i>, all of which primarily denote a woman and, by extension, a female cat.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-89" title=""><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="History_and_mythology" id="History_and_mythology"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">History and mythology</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_058.jpg" class="image" title="Egyptian sculpture at the Louvre"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Egypte_louvre_058.jpg/140px-Egypte_louvre_058.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="259" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_058.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Egyptian sculpture at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cats" title="History of cats">History of cats</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></div> <p>Cats have been kept by humans since at least <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bast_%28goddess%29" title="Bast (goddess)" class="mw-redirect">Bast</a> in cat form was goddess of the home, the domesticated cat, protector of the fields and home from vermin infestations, and sometimes took on the warlike aspect of a lioness. The first domesticated cats may have saved early Egyptians from many rodent infestations and likewise, Bast developed from the adoration for her feline companions. She was the daughter of the sun god <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> and played significant role in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a>. It has been speculated that cats resident in Kenya's Islands in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamu_Archipelago" title="Lamu Archipelago">Lamu Archipelago</a> may be the last living direct descendants of the cats of ancient Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-lamu_90-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-lamu-90" title=""><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freya_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg" class="image" title="Freya and her cats"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Freya_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg/140px-Freya_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="140" border="0" height="175" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freya_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freya" title="Freya" class="mw-redirect">Freya</a> and her cats</div> </div> </div> <p>Several ancient religions believed that cats are exalted souls, companions or guides for humans, that they are all-knowing but are mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In Japan, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneki_Neko" title="Maneki Neko">Maneki Neko</a> is a cat that is a symbol of "good fortune". Although there are no sacred species in Islam, it is said by some writers that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had a favorite cat, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muezza" title="Muezza">Muezza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-91" title=""><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup> It is said he loved cats so much that "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it".<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves_92-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-Reeves-92" title=""><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>—the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>—is depicted as riding a chariot drawn by cats.</p> <p>There are also negative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitions</a> about cats in many cultures. An example would be the belief that a black cat "crossing your path" leads to bad <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">luck</a>, or that cats are witches' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familiar" title="Familiar" class="mw-redirect">familiars</a> used to augment a witch's powers and skills. This belief led to the widespread extermination of cats in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval" title="Medieval" class="mw-redirect">medieval</a> times. Killing the cats aggravated epidemics of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Plague" title="Black Plague" class="mw-redirect">Black Plague</a> in places where there were not enough cats left to keep <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rat</a> populations down. The plague was spread by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">fleas</a> carried by infected rats.</p> <p>An exaggerated fear of cats is known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">ailurophobia</a>.</p> <p><a name="Nine_lives" id="Nine_lives"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Nine lives</span></h3> <p>According to a myth in many cultures, cats have nine (or sometimes seven) lives. The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_93-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-myth-93" title=""><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup> Also lending credence to this myth is that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">falling cats</a> often land on their feet because of an inbuilt automatic twisting reaction and are able to twist their bodies around to land feet first, though they can still be injured or killed by a high fall.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_note-94" title=""><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Cats_in_Pop_Culture" id="Cats_in_Pop_Culture"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Cats in Pop Culture</span></h3> <p>As their role as (extremely) popular pets, cats have had a strong role in pop culture.</p> <p>Famous animated cats include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_%28Looney_Tunes%29" title="Sylvester (Looney Tunes)">Sylvester</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a>.</p> <p>Cats and kittens are an icon in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_humor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web humor (page does not exist)">Web humor</a>, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>.</p> <p><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-size: 85%; line-height: 110%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg" class="image" title="Cat03.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/28px-Cat03.jpg" width="28" border="0" height="28" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0pt 0.2em;"><i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Cats portal</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-size: 85%; line-height: 110%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="image" title="Okapi2.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" width="32" border="0" height="28" /></a></td> <td style="padding: 0pt 0.2em;"><i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/40px-Office-book.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="40" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Wikipedia:Books</a> has a book on: <i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books/Cat" title="Wikipedia:Books/Cat">Cat</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed">Cat breed</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Cat genetics</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Cat health</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Cat intelligence</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_pheromone" title="Cat pheromone">Cat pheromone</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Cat play and toys</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cat_types" title="Category:Cat types">Category:Cat types</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">List of cat breeds</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cats" title="List of cats">List of cats</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_cats" title="List of fictional cats">List of fictional cats</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organ_of_cat" title="Sex organ of cat">Sex organ of cat</a></li></ul> </div> <p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2> <div class="references-small references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2;"> <ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-msw3-0"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-msw3_0-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFWozencraft.2C_W._C.">Wozencraft, W. C. (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2005-11-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16 November</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></span>). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed. <i><a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3" class="external text" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3" rel="nofollow">Mammal Species of the World</a></i> (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801882214" class="internal">ISBN 0-801-88221-4</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3" class="external free" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3" rel="nofollow">http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.aulast=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.au=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.date=%5B%5B16+November%5D%5D+%5B%5B2005%5D%5D&rft.edition=3rd+edition&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fmsw3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-Linaeus1758-1">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Linaeus1758_1-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Linaeus1758_1-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFLinnaeus1766"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carolus</a> (1766) [1758] (in <span class="languageicon" style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">(Latin)</span>). <i><a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer" class="external text" title="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer" rel="nofollow">Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</a></i>. <b>1</b> (12th ed.). Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). p. 62<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer" class="external free" title="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer" rel="nofollow">http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k99004c/f62.chemindefer</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-04-02</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%3A+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=Carolus&rft.au=Linnaeus%2C+Carolus&rft.date=1766&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B62&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Holmiae+%28Laurentii+Salvii%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k99004c%2Ff62.chemindefer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-2" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREF.5B.5BIntegrated_Taxonomic_Information_System.7CITIS.5D.5D"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>. <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487" class="external text" title="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487" rel="nofollow">"ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis catus domestica"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487" class="external free" title="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487" rel="nofollow">http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727487</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ITIS+Standard+Report+Page%3A+Felis+catus+domestica&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%5B%5BIntegrated+Taxonomic+Information+System%7CITIS%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BIntegrated+Taxonomic+Information+System%7CITIS%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D727487&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-SciencemagNEO-3">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-2" title=""><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-SciencemagNEO_3-3" title=""><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFDriscoll.2C_Carlos_A._et_al.2007">Driscoll, Carlos A. et al. (2007-07-27). "<a href="http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf" rel="nofollow">The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication</a>" (PDF). <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> <b>1</b>: e3. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1139518" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1139518" rel="nofollow">10.1126/science.1139518</a></span>. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600185" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600185">PMID 17600185</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf" class="external free" title="http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/repr/add/domesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-04-02</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Near+Eastern+Origin+of+Cat+Domestication&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7C%27%27Science%27%27%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Driscoll%2C+Carlos+A.+et+al.&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+Carlos+A.+et+al.&rft.date=2007-07-27&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=e3&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1139518&rft_id=info:pmid/17600185&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2Fplantscience%2Fresbot%2Frepr%2Fadd%2Fdomesticcat_driscoll2007.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-9500_years-4">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-9500_years_4-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-9500_years_4-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html" class="external text" title="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html" rel="nofollow">"Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus"</a>. National Geographic News. 2004-04-08<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html" class="external free" title="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html" rel="nofollow">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-03-06</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Oldest+Known+Pet+Cat%3F+9500-Year-Old+Burial+Found+on+Cyprus&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2004-04-08&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2F04%2F0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-5" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WofFb_eOxxA" class="external text" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WofFb_eOxxA" rel="nofollow">YouTube - Gizmo Flushes</a></li><li id="cite_note-Channel3000Meows-6">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Channel3000Meows_6-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Channel3000Meows_6-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.channel3000.com/news/1472741/detail.html" class="external text" title="http://www.channel3000.com/news/1472741/detail.html" rel="nofollow">"Meows Mean More To Cat Lovers"</a>. Channel3000.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.channel3000.com/news/1472741/detail.html" class="external free" title="http://www.channel3000.com/news/1472741/detail.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.channel3000.com/news/1472741/detail.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-06-14</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Meows+Mean+More+To+Cat+Lovers&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Channel3000.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel3000.com%2Fnews%2F1472741%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-7" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.splash&vs=7" class="external text" title="http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.splash&vs=7" rel="nofollow">"Cat Diversity by National Geographic"</a>. MySpaceTV<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.splash&vs=7" class="external free" title="http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.splash&vs=7" rel="nofollow">http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.splash&vs=7</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-11-22</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cat+Diversity+by+National+Geographic&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=MySpaceTV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvids.myspace.com%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dvids.splash%26vs%3D7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-NYT-8"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-NYT_8-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="news" id="CITEREFWade2007">Wade, Nicholas (2007-06-29). "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?em&ex=1183348800&en=46920e3fe2f7c649&ei=5087%0A" class="external text" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?em&ex=1183348800&en=46920e3fe2f7c649&ei=5087%0A" rel="nofollow">Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East</a>". <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?em&ex=1183348800&en=46920e3fe2f7c649&ei=5087%0A" class="external free" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?em&ex=1183348800&en=46920e3fe2f7c649&ei=5087%0A" rel="nofollow">http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html?em&ex=1183348800&en=46920e3fe2f7c649&ei=5087%0A</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-04-02</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Study+Traces+Cat%27s+Ancestry+to+Middle+East&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Wade%2C+Nicholas&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2F29cat.html%3Fem%26ex%3D1183348800%26en%3D46920e3fe2f7c649%26ei%3D5087%250A&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-9" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html" class="external text" title="http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html" rel="nofollow">"Dwarf, Midget and Miniature cats"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html" class="external free" title="http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.messybeast.com/dwarfcats.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-03-06</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dwarf%2C+Midget+and+Miniature+cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messybeast.com%2Fdwarfcats.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-10" title="">^</a></b> Cat World (2008). Cat World Records: Heaviest Cat. Retrieved on 2008-07-30 from <a href="http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-11" title="">^</a></b> Moore, Glenda (2008). Those Amazing Cats. CatStuff. Retrieved on 2008-07-30 from <a href="http://www.xmission.com/%7Eemailbox/records.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.xmission.com/~emailbox/records.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.xmission.com/~emailbox/records.htm</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-12" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.cat-world.com.au/CatRecords.htm</a> retrieved on 2008/29/11</li><li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-13" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFPets.2C_you.27re_part_of_the_family2000">Pets, you're part of the family (2000). <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=84pB-rEV9pEC&pg=PA134&dq=cat+average+height&client=firefox-a" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=84pB-rEV9pEC&pg=PA134&dq=cat+average+height&client=firefox-a" rel="nofollow">PetSpeak: You're closer than you think to a great relationship with your dog or cat!</a></i>. Rodale. p. 134. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781579540777" class="internal">ISBN 9781579540777</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=84pB-rEV9pEC&pg=PA134&dq=cat+average+height&client=firefox-a" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=84pB-rEV9pEC&pg=PA134&dq=cat+average+height&client=firefox-a" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=84pB-rEV9pEC&pg=PA134&dq=cat+average+height&client=firefox-a</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2009-04-08</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PetSpeak%3A+You%27re+closer+than+you+think+to+a+great+relationship+with+your+dog+or+cat%21&rft.aulast=Pets%2C+you%27re+part+of+the+family&rft.au=Pets%2C+you%27re+part+of+the+family&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B134&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.isbn=9781579540777&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84pB-rEV9pEC%26pg%3DPA134%26dq%3Dcat%2Baverage%2Bheight%26client%3Dfirefox-a&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-14" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm" rel="nofollow">"Domestic Cat"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaWorld" title="SeaWorld">SeaWorld</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/Animal-Bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/carnivora/domestic-cat.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2009-03-04</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Domestic+Cat&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BSeaWorld%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaworld.org%2Fanimal-info%2FAnimal-Bytes%2Fanimalia%2Feumetazoa%2Fcoelomates%2Fdeuterostomes%2Fchordata%2Fcraniata%2Fmammalia%2Fcarnivora%2Fdomestic-cat.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-15" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" rel="nofollow">"Cat Skeleton"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" class="external text" title="http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2006-12-06<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-12-12</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cat+Skeleton&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061206105542%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fbioweb.uwlax.edu%2Fzoolab%2FTable_of_Contents%2FLab-9b%2FCat_Skeleton_1%2Fcat_skeleton_1.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-16" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080201133606/http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080201133606/http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" rel="nofollow">"At Home: Care / Health: Understanding Cats"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" class="external text" title="http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-02-01<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080201133606/http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080201133606/http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080201133606/http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/ah_pets_care_health/article/0,1801,HGTV_3152_1380540,00.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-08-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=At+Home%3A+Care+%2F+Health%3A+Understanding+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080201133606%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgtv.com%2Fhgtv%2Fah_pets_care_health%2Farticle%2F0%2C1801%2CHGTV_3152_1380540%2C00.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-17" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFArmes1900">Armes, Annetta F. (1900-12-22). "<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ" rel="nofollow">Outline of Cat Lessons</a>". <i>The School Journal</i> <b>LXI</b>: 659<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-11-12</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Outline+of+Cat+Lessons&rft.jtitle=The+School+Journal&rft.aulast=Armes&rft.aufirst=Annetta+F.&rft.au=Armes%2C+Annetta+F.&rft.date=1900-12-22&rft.volume=LXI&rft.pages=659&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_gBAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-18" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=87" class="external text" title="http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=87" rel="nofollow">"Vaccinate Your Cat at Home"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=87" class="external free" title="http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=87" rel="nofollow">http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=87</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-10-18</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Vaccinate+Your+Cat+at+Home&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drsfostersmith.com%2Fpic%2Farticle.cfm%3Faid%3D87&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-19" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.wgrz.com/news/columnist/RKellman/KellmansCorner_article.aspx?storyid=37606" class="external text" title="http://www.wgrz.com/news/columnist/RKellman/KellmansCorner_article.aspx?storyid=37606" rel="nofollow">"The Cat Comes Back"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.wgrz.com/news/columnist/RKellman/KellmansCorner_article.aspx?storyid=37606" class="external free" title="http://www.wgrz.com/news/columnist/RKellman/KellmansCorner_article.aspx?storyid=37606" rel="nofollow">http://www.wgrz.com/news/columnist/RKellman/KellmansCorner_article.aspx?storyid=37606</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-10-18</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cat+Comes+Back&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgrz.com%2Fnews%2Fcolumnist%2FRKellman%2FKellmansCorner_article.aspx%3Fstoryid%3D37606&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since November 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Dead external links">dead link</a></i>]</span></sup></li><li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-20" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Give-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat" class="external text" title="http://www.wikihow.com/Give-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat" rel="nofollow">"How to Give Subcutaneous Fluids to a Cat"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Give-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat" class="external free" title="http://www.wikihow.com/Give-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat" rel="nofollow">http://www.wikihow.com/Give-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-10-18</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+to+Give+Subcutaneous+Fluids+to+a+Cat&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikihow.com%2FGive-Subcutaneous-Fluids-to-a-Cat&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-21" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.pets.ca/articles/article_scruffing.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.pets.ca/articles/article_scruffing.htm" rel="nofollow">"Scruffing your dog or cat"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.pets.ca/articles/article_scruffing.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.pets.ca/articles/article_scruffing.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.pets.ca/articles/article_scruffing.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-02-26</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Scruffing+your+dog+or+cat&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pets.ca%2Farticles%2Farticle_scruffing.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-22" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080527232611AAXe9AX" class="external text" title="http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080527232611AAXe9AX" rel="nofollow">What's a cat's vision like?</a></li><li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-23" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFStrain.2C_G.M.">Strain, G.M.. <a href="http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html" class="external text" title="http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html" rel="nofollow">"How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?"</a>. Louisiana State University<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html" class="external free" title="http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+Well+Do+Dogs+and+Other+Animals+Hear%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Strain%2C+G.M.&rft.au=Strain%2C+G.M.&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsu.edu%2Fdeafness%2FHearingRange.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-senseofsmell-24"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-senseofsmell_24-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://cats.about.com/cs/felineanatomy/a/catsnose_scent.htm" class="external text" title="http://cats.about.com/cs/felineanatomy/a/catsnose_scent.htm" rel="nofollow">"The Nose Knows"</a>. About.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://cats.about.com/cs/felineanatomy/a/catsnose_scent.htm" class="external free" title="http://cats.about.com/cs/felineanatomy/a/catsnose_scent.htm" rel="nofollow">http://cats.about.com/cs/felineanatomy/a/catsnose_scent.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-11-29</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nose+Knows&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcats.about.com%2Fcs%2Ffelineanatomy%2Fa%2Fcatsnose_scent.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-sugar-25">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-sugar_25-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-sugar_25-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFLiWeihua_Li.2C_Hong_Wang.2C_Jie_Cao.2C_Kenji_Maehashi.2C_Liquan_Huang.2C_Alexander_A._Bachmanov.2C_Danielle_R._Reed.2C_V.C3.A9ronique_Legrand-Defretin.2C_Gary_K._Beauchamp.2C_Joseph_G._Brand2005">Li, Xia; Weihua Li, Hong Wang, Jie Cao, Kenji Maehashi, Liquan Huang, Alexander A. Bachmanov, Danielle R. Reed, Véronique Legrand-Defretin, Gary K. Beauchamp, Joseph G. Brand (July 2005). "Pseudogenization of a Sweet-Receptor Gene Accounts for Cats' Indifference toward Sugar". <i>PLOS Genetics</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a>) <b>1</b> (1): e3. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0010003" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0010003" rel="nofollow">10.1371/journal.pgen.0010003</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pseudogenization+of+a+Sweet-Receptor+Gene+Accounts+for+Cats%27+Indifference+toward+Sugar&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xia&rft.au=Li%2C+Xia&rft.au=Weihua+Li%2C+Hong+Wang%2C+Jie+Cao%2C+Kenji+Maehashi%2C+Liquan+Huang%2C+Alexander+A.+Bachmanov%2C+Danielle+R.+Reed%2C+V%C3%A9ronique+Legrand-Defretin%2C+Gary+K.+Beauchamp%2C+Joseph+G.+Brand&rft.date=July+2005&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e3&rft.pub=%5B%5BPublic+Library+of+Science%5D%5D&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0010003&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-26" title="">^</a></b> Animal Doctor (July 9, 2002). "Dear Dr. Fox". <i>The Washington Post</i>, p. C10.</li><li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-27" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFRing.2C_Ken_and_Romhany.2C_Paul">Ring, Ken and Romhany, Paul (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1999-08-01"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">08-01</a></span>). <i><span>Pawmistry: How to Read Your Cat's Paws</span></i>. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 10. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1580081118" class="internal">ISBN 1-58008-111-8</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pawmistry%3A+How+to+Read+Your+Cat%27s+Paws&rft.aulast=Ring%2C+Ken+and+Romhany%2C+Paul&rft.au=Ring%2C+Ken+and+Romhany%2C+Paul&rft.date=%5B%5B1999-08-01%5D%5D&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B10&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.isbn=1-58008-111-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-28" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.thepetcenter.com/exa/nv.html" class="external text" title="http://www.thepetcenter.com/exa/nv.html" rel="nofollow">"Normal Values For Dog and Cat Temperature, Blood Tests, Urine and other information in ThePetCenter.com"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.thepetcenter.com/exa/nv.html" class="external free" title="http://www.thepetcenter.com/exa/nv.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.thepetcenter.com/exa/nv.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-08-01</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Normal+Values+For+Dog+and+Cat+Temperature%2C+Blood+Tests%2C+Urine+and+other+information+in+ThePetCenter.com&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepetcenter.com%2Fexa%2Fnv.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-29" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://highlanderpetcenter.com/content/view/24/2/" class="external text" title="http://highlanderpetcenter.com/content/view/24/2/" rel="nofollow">Cat Health And Cat Metabolism Information For The Best Cat Care</a></li><li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-30" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFNie_W.2C_Wang_J.2C_O.27Brien_PC.2C_.27.27et_al..27.272002">Nie W, Wang J, O'Brien PC, <i>et al.</i> (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". <i>Chromosome Res.</i> <b>10</b> (3): 209–22. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631" rel="nofollow">10.1023/A:1015292005631</a></span>. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12067210" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12067210">PMID 12067210</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+genome+phylogeny+of+domestic+cat%2C+red+panda+and+five+mustelid+species+revealed+by+comparative+chromosome+painting+and+G-banding&rft.jtitle=Chromosome+Res.&rft.aulast=Nie+W%2C+Wang+J%2C+O%27Brien+PC%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Nie+W%2C+Wang+J%2C+O%27Brien+PC%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=209%E2%80%9322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631&rft_id=info:pmid/12067210&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-31" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UTArAAAAYAAJ" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=UTArAAAAYAAJ" rel="nofollow">Nutrient Requirements of Cats</a>. National Academies Press. Pg 1. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309036825" class="internal">ISBN 9780309036825</a></li><li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-32" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFZoran_DL2002">Zoran DL (2002). "<a href="http://www.catinfo.org/zorans_article.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.catinfo.org/zorans_article.pdf" rel="nofollow">The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats</a>" (PDF). <i>Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</i> <b>221</b> (11): 1559–67. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.221.1559" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.221.1559" rel="nofollow">10.2460/javma.2002.221.1559</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.catinfo.org/zorans_article.pdf" class="external free" title="http://www.catinfo.org/zorans_article.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.catinfo.org/zorans_article.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+carnivore+connection+to+nutrition+in+cats&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.aulast=Zoran+DL&rft.au=Zoran+DL&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1559%E2%80%9367&rft_id=info:doi/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.221.1559&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catinfo.org%2Fzorans_article.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-33" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html" rel="nofollow">"Plants and Your Cat"</a>. The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc.<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html" class="external free" title="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.cfainc.org/articles/plants.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Plants+and+Your+Cat&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=The+Cat+Fanciers%27+Association%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfainc.org%2Farticles%2Fplants.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-34" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.breeders-choice.com/cat_products/avodermcat.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.breeders-choice.com/cat_products/avodermcat.htm" rel="nofollow">"AvoDerm Natural Premium Cat Food"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.breeders-choice.com/cat_products/avodermcat.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.breeders-choice.com/cat_products/avodermcat.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.breeders-choice.com/cat_products/avodermcat.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2009-01-13</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=AvoDerm+Natural+Premium+Cat+Food&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breeders-choice.com%2Fcat_products%2Favodermcat.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-35" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/dog-food-containing-avocado.html" class="external text" title="http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/dog-food-containing-avocado.html" rel="nofollow">"Dog Food Containing Avocado"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/dog-food-containing-avocado.html" class="external free" title="http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/dog-food-containing-avocado.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/ask-the-expert/ask-the-expert-poison-control/dog-food-containing-avocado.html</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dog+Food+Containing+Avocado&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspca.org%2Fpet-care%2Fask-the-expert%2Fask-the-expert-poison-control%2Fdog-food-containing-avocado.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-36" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://vetmed.illinois.edu/petcolumns/index.cfm?function=showarticle&id=445" class="external text" title="http://vetmed.illinois.edu/petcolumns/index.cfm?function=showarticle&id=445" rel="nofollow">"Fat Cats are Predisposed to Liver Problems"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://vetmed.illinois.edu/petcolumns/index.cfm?function=showarticle&id=445" class="external free" title="http://vetmed.illinois.edu/petcolumns/index.cfm?function=showarticle&id=445" rel="nofollow">http://vetmed.illinois.edu/petcolumns/index.cfm?function=showarticle&id=445</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-01-03</span>. ""If a cat, especially an overweight cat, stops eating, it can suffer serious liver problems. According to Dr. Marcella Ridgway, veterinary internist at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Urbana, cats are extremely dependent upon having protein in their diets. Unlike many species, cats cannot adequately synthesize their own protein from other building blocks.""</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fat+Cats+are+Predisposed+to+Liver+Problems&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvetmed.illinois.edu%2Fpetcolumns%2Findex.cfm%3Ffunction%3Dshowarticle%26id%3D445&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-37" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.vmth.ucdavis.edu/home/beh/feline_behavior/pica.html" class="external text" title="http://www.vmth.ucdavis.edu/home/beh/feline_behavior/pica.html" rel="nofollow">Pica: The Un-finicky Feline</a></li><li id="cite_note-judy-38">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-judy_38-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-judy_38-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/substances.html" class="external text" title="http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/substances.html" rel="nofollow">"Substances That Are Poison to Pets"</a>. Judy's Health Cafe.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/substances.html" class="external free" title="http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/substances.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.judyshealthcafe.com/articles/substances.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-01-18</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Substances+That+Are+Poison+to+Pets&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Judy%27s+Health+Cafe.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.judyshealthcafe.com%2Farticles%2Fsubstances.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-vetinfo-39">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-2" title=""><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-3" title=""><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-4" title=""><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-5" title=""><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-vetinfo_39-6" title=""><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html" class="external text" title="http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html" rel="nofollow">"Toxic to Cats"</a>. Vetinfo4Cats<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html" class="external free" title="http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.vetinfo.com/ctoxin.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-01-18</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Toxic+to+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Vetinfo4Cats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vetinfo.com%2Fctoxin.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-CanVetJ2003-Allen-40"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-CanVetJ2003-Allen_40-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFAllen_AL2003">Allen AL (01 Jun 2003). "<a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12839249" class="external text" title="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12839249" rel="nofollow">The diagnosis of acetaminophen toxicosis in a cat</a>". <i>Canadian Veterinary Journal</i> <b>44</b> (6): 509–10. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12839249" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12839249">PMID 12839249</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12839249" class="external free" title="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12839249" rel="nofollow">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12839249</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+diagnosis+of+acetaminophen+toxicosis+in+a+cat&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.aulast=Allen+AL&rft.au=Allen+AL&rft.date=01+Jun+2003&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=509%E2%80%9310&rft_id=info:pmid/12839249&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpubmed%26pubmedid%3D12839249&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar-41"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-VetHumToxicol1998-Villar_41-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFVillar_D.2C_Buck_WB.2C_Gonzalez_JM1998">Villar D, Buck WB, Gonzalez JM (1998). "Ibuprofen, aspirin and acetaminophen toxicosis and treatment in Dogs and Cats". <i>Vet Hum Toxicol</i> <b>40</b> (3): 156–62. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9610496" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9610496">PMID 9610496</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ibuprofen%2C+aspirin+and+acetaminophen+toxicosis+and+treatment+in+Dogs+and+Cats&rft.jtitle=Vet+Hum+Toxicol&rft.aulast=Villar+D%2C+Buck+WB%2C+Gonzalez+JM&rft.au=Villar+D%2C+Buck+WB%2C+Gonzalez+JM&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=156%E2%80%9362&rft_id=info:pmid/9610496&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-42" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFCamille_DeClementiKeith_L._Bailey.2C_Spencer_C._Goldstein.2C_and_Michael_Scott_Orser2004">Camille DeClementi; Keith L. Bailey, Spencer C. Goldstein, and Michael Scott Orser (December 2004). "Suspected toxicosis after topical administration of minoxidil in 2 cats". <i>Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care</i> <b>14</b> (4): 287–292. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2004.04014.x" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2004.04014.x" rel="nofollow">10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.04014.x</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suspected+toxicosis+after+topical+administration+of+minoxidil+in+2+cats&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Emergency+and+Critical+Care&rft.aulast=Camille+DeClementi&rft.au=Camille+DeClementi&rft.au=Keith+L.+Bailey%2C+Spencer+C.+Goldstein%2C+and+Michael+Scott+Orser&rft.date=December+2004&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=287%E2%80%93292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1476-4431.2004.04014.x&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-43" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070103001500/http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070103001500/http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" rel="nofollow">"Minoxidil Warning"</a>. ShowCatsOnline.com. Archived from <a href="http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" class="external text" title="http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2007-01-03<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070103001500/http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070103001500/http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20070103001500/http://showcatsonline.com/x/minoxidil.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-01-18</span>. "Very small amounts of Minoxidil can result [in] serious problems or death"</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Minoxidil+Warning&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=ShowCatsOnline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070103001500%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fshowcatsonline.com%2Fx%2Fminoxidil.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-44" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFRousseaux_CG.2C_Smith_RA.2C_Nicholson_S1986">Rousseaux CG, Smith RA, Nicholson S (1986). "<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813?dopt=Abstract" class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">Acute Pinesol toxicity in a domestic cat</a>". <i>Vet Hum Toxicol</i> <b>28</b> (4): 316–7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813">PMID 3750813</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813?dopt=Abstract" class="external free" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3750813?dopt=Abstract</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acute+Pinesol+toxicity+in+a+domestic+cat&rft.jtitle=Vet+Hum+Toxicol&rft.aulast=Rousseaux+CG%2C+Smith+RA%2C+Nicholson+S&rft.au=Rousseaux+CG%2C+Smith+RA%2C+Nicholson+S&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=316%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:pmid/3750813&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F3750813%3Fdopt%3DAbstract&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-45" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html" rel="nofollow">"Antifreeze Warning"</a>. The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc.<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html" class="external free" title="http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.cfainc.org/articles/antifreeze.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Antifreeze+Warning&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=The+Cat+Fanciers%27+Association%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfainc.org%2Farticles%2Fantifreeze.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-46" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFK._Bischoff.2C_F._Guale1998">K. Bischoff, F. Guale (1998). "<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070329233437/http://www.vet-task-force.com/Abstract-tea-tree-oil.htm" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070329233437/http://www.vet-task-force.com/Abstract-tea-tree-oil.htm" rel="nofollow">Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil Poisoning in three purebred cats</a>" (<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Dead external links">dead link</a></i>]</span></sup> – <sup><a href="http://jvdi.org/cgi/reprint/10/2/208.pdf" class="external text" title="http://jvdi.org/cgi/reprint/10/2/208.pdf" rel="nofollow">Scholar search</a></sup>). <i>Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation</i> <b>10</b> (108). Archived from <a href="http://jvdi.org/cgi/reprint/10/2/208.pdf" class="external text" title="http://jvdi.org/cgi/reprint/10/2/208.pdf" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2007-03-29<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070329233437/http://www.vet-task-force.com/Abstract-tea-tree-oil.htm" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070329233437/http://www.vet-task-force.com/Abstract-tea-tree-oil.htm" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20070329233437/http://www.vet-task-force.com/Abstract-tea-tree-oil.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2006-10-17</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Australian+tea+tree+%28Melaleuca+alternifolia%29+Oil+Poisoning+in+three+purebred+cats&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Diagnostic+Investigation&rft.aulast=K.+Bischoff%2C+F.+Guale&rft.au=K.+Bischoff%2C+F.+Guale&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=108&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070329233437%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vet-task-force.com%2FAbstract-tea-tree-oil.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-47" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.messybeast.com/teatree.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.messybeast.com/teatree.htm" rel="nofollow">Tea tree oil - toxic to cats</a></li><li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-48" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.thelavendercat.com/3201/index.html" class="external text" title="http://www.thelavendercat.com/3201/index.html" rel="nofollow">Be Wary of Aromatherapy Claims for Cats</a></li><li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-49" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/body/maturity.html" class="external text" title="http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/body/maturity.html" rel="nofollow">Cat Guide: Adolescence and Sexual Maturity</a> Animal Planet</li><li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-50" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFE._LevineP._Perry.2C_J._Scarlett.2C_K.A._Houpt2005">E. Levine; P. Perry, J. Scarlett, K.A. Houpt (2005). "<a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf" class="external text" title="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf" rel="nofollow">Intercat aggression in households following the introduction of a new cat</a>" (PDF). <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i> <b>90</b> (90): 325–336. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006" rel="nofollow">10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.006</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf" class="external free" title="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2009-04-08</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intercat+aggression+in+households+following+the+introduction+of+a+new+cat&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.aulast=E.+Levine&rft.au=E.+Levine&rft.au=P.+Perry%2C+J.+Scarlett%2C+K.A.+Houpt&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=90&rft.pages=325%E2%80%93336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fjcha%2F330_cats_introducing.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-51"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_51-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFCrowell-davis.2C_S.L.Curtis.2C_T.M..3B_Knowles.2C_R.J.2004">Crowell-davis, S.L.; Curtis, T.M.; Knowles, R.J. (2004). "<a href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098612X0300127X" class="external text" title="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098612X0300127X" rel="nofollow">Social organization in the cat: a modern understanding</a>". <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i> <b>6</b> (1): 19–28. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013" rel="nofollow">10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.013</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098612X0300127X" class="external free" title="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098612X0300127X" rel="nofollow">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098612X0300127X</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-05-21</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Social+organization+in+the+cat%3A+a+modern+understanding&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&rft.aulast=Crowell-davis%2C+S.L.&rft.au=Crowell-davis%2C+S.L.&rft.au=Curtis%2C+T.M.%3B+Knowles%2C+R.J.&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19%E2%80%9328&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1098612X0300127X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-52" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFPoirier_FE.2C_Hussey_LK1982">Poirier FE, Hussey LK (1982). "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/view/01617761/sp050045/05x1830j/0" class="external text" title="http://www.jstor.org/view/01617761/sp050045/05x1830j/0" rel="nofollow">Nonhuman Primate Learning: The Importance of Learning from an Evolutionary Perspective</a>" (<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Dead external links">dead link</a></i>]</span></sup> – <sup><a href="http://www.jstor.org/pss/3216627" class="external text" title="http://www.jstor.org/pss/3216627" rel="nofollow">Scholar search</a></sup>). <i>Anthropology & Education Quarterly</i> <b>13</b> (2): 133–148. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j" rel="nofollow">10.1525/aeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/view/01617761/sp050045/05x1830j/0" class="external free" title="http://www.jstor.org/view/01617761/sp050045/05x1830j/0" rel="nofollow">http://www.jstor.org/view/01617761/sp050045/05x1830j/0</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nonhuman+Primate+Learning%3A+The+Importance+of+Learning+from+an+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+%26+Education+Quarterly&rft.aulast=Poirier+FE%2C+Hussey+LK&rft.au=Poirier+FE%2C+Hussey+LK&rft.date=1982&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133%E2%80%93148&rft_id=info:doi/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fview%2F01617761%2Fsp050045%2F05x1830j%2F0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-53" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/december98/cats.html" class="external text" title="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/december98/cats.html" rel="nofollow">"Minnesota's killer kitties: Minnesota DNR"</a>. <i><span>Fish & Wildlife Today</span></i>. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 1998-02-02<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/december98/cats.html" class="external free" title="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/december98/cats.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/december98/cats.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-11-22</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Minnesota%27s+killer+kitties%3A+Minnesota+DNR&rft.atitle=Fish+%26+Wildlife+Today&rft.date=1998-02-02&rft.pub=Minnesota+Department+of+Natural+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnr.state.mn.us%2Ffwt%2Fback_issues%2Fdecember98%2Fcats.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-54" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFLeyhausen1978">Leyhausen, Paul (1978). <i><span>Cat Behavior: The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats</span></i>. New York: Garland STPM Press. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824070175" class="internal">ISBN 978-0824070175</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cat+Behavior%3A+The+Predatory+and+Social+Behavior+of+Domestic+and+Wild+Cats&rft.aulast=Leyhausen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Leyhausen%2C+Paul&rft.date=1978&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Garland+STPM+Press&rft.isbn=978-0824070175&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-Mate-55"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Mate_55-0" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zoq3Sb6TfEkC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=Cats+mate+bite+neck&source=bl&ots=EOuHE57ies&sig=fw1snRxd9puVBQqV1owojzq8CL0&hl=en&ei=xVndSYmwJJXqlQf_6a3-DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=zoq3Sb6TfEkC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=Cats+mate+bite+neck&source=bl&ots=EOuHE57ies&sig=fw1snRxd9puVBQqV1owojzq8CL0&hl=en&ei=xVndSYmwJJXqlQf_6a3-DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6" rel="nofollow">Careers in Science</a>, Thomas Easton, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw-Hill" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a> publishers.</li><li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-56" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125" rel="nofollow">"Why Do Cats Like High Places?"</a>. <i><span>Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.</span></i>. Dr. Holly Nash, DVM, MS. Archived from <a href="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+1313&aid=1125" class="external text" title="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=1+1313&aid=1125" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-01-02<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080102145008/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=1&cat=1313&articleid=1125</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Why+Do+Cats+Like+High+Places%3F&rft.atitle=Drs.+Foster+%26+Smith%2C+Inc.&rft.pub=Dr.+Holly+Nash%2C+DVM%2C+MS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080102145008%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteducation.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fcls%3D1%26cat%3D1313%26articleid%3D1125&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-57" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html" class="external text" title="http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html" rel="nofollow">"Falling Cats"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html" class="external free" title="http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.verrueckte-experimente.de/leseproben_e.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-10-24</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Falling+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verrueckte-experimente.de%2Fleseproben_e.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-58" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFHuy_D._Nguyen">Huy D. Nguyen. <a href="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/" class="external text" title="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/" rel="nofollow">"How does a Cat always land on its feet?"</a>. Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medical Engineering<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/" class="external free" title="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/" rel="nofollow">http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+does+a+Cat+always+land+on+its+feet%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Huy+D.+Nguyen&rft.au=Huy+D.+Nguyen&rft.pub=Georgia+Institute+of+Technology%2C+School+of+Medical+Engineering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelix.gatech.edu%2FClasses%2FME3760%2F1998Q3%2FProjects%2FNguyen%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-59" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFVeterinary_.26_Aquatic_Services_Department">Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102144959/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=2032&articleid=3409" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102144959/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=2032&articleid=3409" rel="nofollow">"High-Rise Syndrome: Cats Injured Due to Falls"</a>. <i><span>Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.</span></i>. Archived from <a href="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=0+2032&aid=3409" class="external text" title="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=0+2032&aid=3409" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-01-02<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102144959/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=2032&articleid=3409" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102144959/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=2032&articleid=3409" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080102144959/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=2032&articleid=3409</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=High-Rise+Syndrome%3A+Cats+Injured+Due+to+Falls&rft.atitle=Drs.+Foster+%26+Smith%2C+Inc.&rft.aulast=Veterinary+%26+Aquatic+Services+Department&rft.au=Veterinary+%26+Aquatic+Services+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080102144959%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteducation.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fcls%3D0%26cat%3D2032%26articleid%3D3409&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-60"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-60" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFWilliams1999">Williams, Robyn (7 November 1999). <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm" rel="nofollow">"The Effect of Domestic Cats on Australian Wildlife"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-26</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Effect+of+Domestic+Cats+on+Australian+Wildlife&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft.au=Williams%2C+Robyn&rft.date=7+November+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Frn%2Fscience%2Fockham%2Fstories%2Fs64308.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-61"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-61" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.livescience.com/animals/070628_cat_family.html" class="external text" title="http://www.livescience.com/animals/070628_cat_family.html" rel="nofollow">House Cats' Wild Ancestor Found</a>, By Jeanna Bryner, LiveScience.com June 28 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-62"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-62" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html" class="external text" title="http://www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html" rel="nofollow">"Frequently Asked Questions about Turkish Van Cats"</a>. Swimmingcats.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html" class="external free" title="http://www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-11-22</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+about+Turkish+Van+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Swimmingcats.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swimmingcats.com%2Ffaqs.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-63"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-63" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="news" id="CITEREFMuir2004">Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html" class="external text" title="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html" rel="nofollow">"Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html" class="external free" title="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-11-23</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ancient+remains+could+be+oldest+pet+cat&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft.au=Muir%2C+Hazel&rft.date=2004-04-08&rft.pub=%5B%5BNew+Scientist%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn4867.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-64"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-64" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="news" id="CITEREFWalton2004">Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html" class="external text" title="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat"</a>. CNN<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html" class="external free" title="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-11-23</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ancient+burial+looks+like+human+and+pet+cat&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Marsha&rft.au=Walton%2C+Marsha&rft.date=April+9%2C+2004&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2004%2FTECH%2Fscience%2F04%2F08%2Fcats.cyprus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-65"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-65" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.pawsonline.info/feline_statistics.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.pawsonline.info/feline_statistics.htm" rel="nofollow">"Feline Statistics"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.pawsonline.info/feline_statistics.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.pawsonline.info/feline_statistics.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.pawsonline.info/feline_statistics.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-08-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Feline+Statistics&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pawsonline.info%2Ffeline_statistics.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-66"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-66" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/spay_neuter.htm" class="external text" title="http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/spay_neuter.htm" rel="nofollow">"Spay and Neuter Your Pet Cats"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/spay_neuter.htm" class="external free" title="http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/spay_neuter.htm" rel="nofollow">http://cats.about.com/od/reproduction/a/spay_neuter.htm</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Spay+and+Neuter+Your+Pet+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcats.about.com%2Fod%2Freproduction%2Fa%2Fspay_neuter.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-67"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-67" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070604203854/http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070604203854/http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Dealing with cat allergies"</a> (PDF). <i><span>animaltrustees.org</span></i>. Archived from <a href="http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2007-06-04<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070604203854/http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070604203854/http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20070604203854/http://www.animaltrustees.org/ATA_Web/pdfs/dealingwithcatallergies.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dealing+with+cat+allergies&rft.atitle=animaltrustees.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070604203854%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.animaltrustees.org%2FATA_Web%2Fpdfs%2Fdealingwithcatallergies.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-68"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-68" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.fabcats.org/behaviour/scratching/info.html" class="external text" title="http://www.fabcats.org/behaviour/scratching/info.html" rel="nofollow">"Scratching or clawing in the house"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.fabcats.org/behaviour/scratching/info.html" class="external free" title="http://www.fabcats.org/behaviour/scratching/info.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.fabcats.org/behaviour/scratching/info.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-08-14</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Scratching+or+clawing+in+the+house&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabcats.org%2Fbehaviour%2Fscratching%2Finfo.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-69"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-69" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.boutiquekittens.com/Declaw-Debate.279.0.html" class="external text" title="http://www.boutiquekittens.com/Declaw-Debate.279.0.html" rel="nofollow">Declaw Debate</a></li><li id="cite_note-70"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-70" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.pawproject.com/html/acknow.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.pawproject.com/html/acknow.asp" rel="nofollow">Paw Project Acknowledgements</a></li><li id="cite_note-71"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-71" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888544?dopt=Abstract" class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888544?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">"Suspected bentonite toxicosis in a cat from ingestion of clay cat litter"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888544?dopt=Abstract" class="external free" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888544?dopt=Abstract" rel="nofollow">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888544?dopt=Abstract</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-09-10</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Suspected+bentonite+toxicosis+in+a+cat+from+ingestion+of+clay+cat+litter&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F8888544%3Fdopt%3DAbstract&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-mag72-72"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-mag72_72-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="news">"<a href="http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag72.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag72.htm" rel="nofollow">Parasite in cats killing sea otters</a>". <i>NOAA magazine</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>). 2003-01-21<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag72.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag72.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag72.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-11-24</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parasite+in+cats+killing+sea+otters&rft.jtitle=NOAA+magazine&rft.date=2003-01-21&rft.pub=%5B%5BNational+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magazine.noaa.gov%2Fstories%2Fmag72.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-73"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-73" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFBrown-Martin2007">Brown-Martin, Darcy (March 2007). <a href="http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/seaotter_savior07.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/seaotter_savior07.asp" rel="nofollow">"Monterey Bay’s sea otter sleuth"</a>. Viamagazine.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/seaotter_savior07.asp" class="external free" title="http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/seaotter_savior07.asp" rel="nofollow">http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/seaotter_savior07.asp</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-11-22</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Monterey+Bay%E2%80%99s+sea+otter+sleuth&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Brown-Martin&rft.aufirst=Darcy&rft.au=Brown-Martin%2C+Darcy&rft.date=March+2007&rft.pub=Viamagazine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viamagazine.com%2Ftop_stories%2Farticles%2Fseaotter_savior07.asp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-74"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-74" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.toilettrainedcat.com/toilet-train-cat.php" class="external text" title="http://www.toilettrainedcat.com/toilet-train-cat.php" rel="nofollow">"A Step-By-Step Guide on How To Train Your Cat to Use the Human Toilet"</a>. The Toilet Trained Cat<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.toilettrainedcat.com/toilet-train-cat.php" class="external free" title="http://www.toilettrainedcat.com/toilet-train-cat.php" rel="nofollow">http://www.toilettrainedcat.com/toilet-train-cat.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2009-02-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+Step-By-Step+Guide+on+How+To+Train+Your+Cat+to+Use+the+Human+Toilet&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=The+Toilet+Trained+Cat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toilettrainedcat.com%2Ftoilet-train-cat.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-75"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-75" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mog1.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mog1.htm" rel="nofollow">"Moggie"</a>. Worldwidewords.org<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mog1.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mog1.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mog1.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Moggie&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Worldwidewords.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwidewords.org%2Fqa%2Fqa-mog1.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-76"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-76" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.fanciers.com/cat-faqs/tricolors.shtml" class="external text" title="http://www.fanciers.com/cat-faqs/tricolors.shtml" rel="nofollow">"Torties, Calicos and Tricolor cats"</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.fanciers.com/cat-faqs/tricolors.shtml" class="external free" title="http://www.fanciers.com/cat-faqs/tricolors.shtml" rel="nofollow">http://www.fanciers.com/cat-faqs/tricolors.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2005-10-24</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Torties%2C+Calicos+and+Tricolor+cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fanciers.com%2Fcat-faqs%2Ftricolors.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-77"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-77" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XShearwaterkills2.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XShearwaterkills2.htm" rel="nofollow">Articles on Hawaiian birds and birdwatching and other Pacific wildlife</a></li><li id="cite_note-78"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-78" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.earlham.edu/%7Ebiol/hawaii/mammals.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.earlham.edu/~biol/hawaii/mammals.htm" rel="nofollow">"Introduced Species in Hawaii (Senior Seminar 2002)"</a>. Earlham college, Department of Biology. 2002<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.earlham.edu/%7Ebiol/hawaii/mammals.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.earlham.edu/~biol/hawaii/mammals.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.earlham.edu/~biol/hawaii/mammals.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Introduced+Species+in+Hawaii+%28Senior+Seminar+2002%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Earlham+college%2C+Department+of+Biology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlham.edu%2F%7Ebiol%2Fhawaii%2Fmammals.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-79"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-79" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.numbat.org.au/" class="external text" title="http://www.numbat.org.au/" rel="nofollow">Community awareness and involvement in the conservation of our unique mammal emblem</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbat" title="Numbat">Project Numbat</a></li><li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-80" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web" id="CITEREFJane_C._Mahlow.2C_DVM.2C_MS">Jane C. Mahlow, DVM, MS. <a href="http://www.spayusa.org/main_directory/02-facts_and_education/stats_surveys/javma_articles/02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.spayusa.org/main_directory/02-facts_and_education/stats_surveys/javma_articles/02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp" rel="nofollow">"Estimation of the proportions of dogs and cats that are surgically sterilized"</a>. www.spayusa.org, summarizing J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;215;640–643<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.spayusa.org/main_directory/02-facts_and_education/stats_surveys/javma_articles/02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp" class="external free" title="http://www.spayusa.org/main_directory/02-facts_and_education/stats_surveys/javma_articles/02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp" rel="nofollow">http://www.spayusa.org/main_directory/02-facts_and_education/stats_surveys/javma_articles/02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Estimation+of+the+proportions+of+dogs+and+cats+that+are+surgically+sterilized&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Jane+C.+Mahlow%2C+DVM%2C+MS&rft.au=Jane+C.+Mahlow%2C+DVM%2C+MS&rft.pub=www.spayusa.org%2C+summarizing+J+Am+Vet+Med+Assoc+1992%3B215%3B640%E2%80%93643&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spayusa.org%2Fmain_directory%2F02-facts_and_education%2Fstats_surveys%2Fjavma_articles%2F02dogs-cats-sterilized.asp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-MSW3-catus-81">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-MSW3-catus_81-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-MSW3-catus_81-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFWozencraft.2C_W._C.">Wozencraft, W. C. (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2005-11-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16 November</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></span>). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed. <i><a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031" class="external text" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031" rel="nofollow">Mammal Species of the World</a></i> (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 534–535. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801882214" class="internal">ISBN 0-801-88221-4</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031" class="external free" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031" rel="nofollow">http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.aulast=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.au=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.date=%5B%5B16+November%5D%5D+%5B%5B2005%5D%5D&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B534%E2%80%93535&rft.edition=3rd+edition&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000031&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-MSW3-silvestris-82">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-MSW3-silvestris_82-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-MSW3-silvestris_82-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFWozencraft.2C_W._C.">Wozencraft, W. C. (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2005-11-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16 November</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></span>). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed. <i><a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057" class="external text" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057" rel="nofollow">Mammal Species of the World</a></i> (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 536–537. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801882214" class="internal">ISBN 0-801-88221-4</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057" class="external free" title="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057" rel="nofollow">http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.aulast=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.au=Wozencraft%2C+W.+C.&rft.date=%5B%5B16+November%5D%5D+%5B%5B2005%5D%5D&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B536%E2%80%93537&rft.edition=3rd+edition&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000057&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-83"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-83" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="" id="CITEREFICZN">ICZN (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2003-03-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">03-31</a></span>). "<a href="http://www.iczn.org/BZNMar2003opinions.htm#opinion2027" class="external text" title="http://www.iczn.org/BZNMar2003opinions.htm#opinion2027" rel="nofollow">Opinions</a>". <i>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a>) <b>60</b><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.iczn.org/BZNMar2003opinions.htm#opinion2027" class="external free" title="http://www.iczn.org/BZNMar2003opinions.htm#opinion2027" rel="nofollow">http://www.iczn.org/BZNMar2003opinions.htm#opinion2027</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-04-02</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Opinions&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.aulast=ICZN&rft.au=ICZN&rft.date=%5B%5B2003-03-31%5D%5D&rft.volume=60&rft.pub=%5B%5BInternational+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iczn.org%2FBZNMar2003opinions.htm%23opinion2027&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-84" title="">^</a></b> <i>ASPCA Complete Guide to Cats</i> by James R. Richards,, DVM</li><li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-85" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat" class="external text" title="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat" rel="nofollow">"Cat"</a>. <i><span><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php" class="external text" title="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php" rel="nofollow">The Online etymology dictionary</a></span></i><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat" class="external free" title="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat" rel="nofollow">http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cat</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-05-15</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cat&rft.atitle=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php+The+Online+etymology+dictionary%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dcat&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-86"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-86" title="">^</a></b> Crum, Walter Ewing. <i>A Coptic Dictionary</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939: 601 <a href="http://www.metalog.org/files/crum/601.gif" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.metalog.org/files/crum/601.gif" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></li><li id="cite_note-87"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-87" title="">^</a></b> "Le chat: origines et étymologie." <i>Chat et compagnie</i>. 2006. <a href="http://www.chat-et-cie.fr/chat.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.chat-et-cie.fr/chat.htm" rel="nofollow">[2]</a></li><li id="cite_note-88"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-88" title="">^</a></b> SenenAnep Meritamen. "English to Egyptian Dictionary." posted August 29, 2004. <i>Ancient Worlds</i>. AncientWorlds LLC, 2002 <a href="http://www.ancientworlds.net/399761" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.ancientworlds.net/399761" rel="nofollow">[3]</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-89"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-89" title="">^</a></b> <i>Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language</i>. New York: Gramercy Books, 1996: 1571.</li><li id="cite_note-lamu-90"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-lamu_90-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFCouffer1998">Couffer, Jack (1998). <i><span>The Cats of Lamu</span></i>. New York: The Lyons Press. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1558216626" class="internal">ISBN 1558216626</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cats+of+Lamu&rft.aulast=Couffer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Couffer%2C+Jack&rft.date=1998&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Lyons+Press&rft.isbn=1558216626&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-91"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-91" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFGeyer.2C_Georgie_Anne2004">Geyer, Georgie Anne (2004). <i><span>When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats</span></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Cats+Reigned+Like+Kings%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Sacred+Cats&rft.aulast=Geyer%2C+Georgie+Anne&rft.au=Geyer%2C+Georgie+Anne&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-Reeves-92"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-Reeves_92-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFMinou_Reeves">Minou Reeves. <i><span>Muhammad in Europe</span></i>. New York University (NYU) Press. pp. p.52.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe&rft.aulast=Minou+Reeves&rft.au=Minou+Reeves&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3Bp.52&rft.pub=New+York+University+%28NYU%29+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-myth-93"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-myth_93-0" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html" class="external text" title="http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html" rel="nofollow">"Cat Myths, Misinformation and Untruths"</a>. Best-cat-art.com<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html" class="external free" title="http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.best-cat-art.com/cat-myths.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-11-22</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cat+Myths%2C+Misinformation+and+Untruths&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Best-cat-art.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.best-cat-art.com%2Fcat-myths.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-94"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat#cite_ref-94" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://cats.about.com/od/catsafety/a/highrisefalls.htm" class="external text" title="http://cats.about.com/od/catsafety/a/highrisefalls.htm" rel="nofollow">The ASPCA Warns About High-Rise Falls by Cats.</a> About.com</li></ol> </div> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="infobox sisterproject noprint"> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Listen to this article (3 parts)<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg" title="File:En-Cat (part 1).ogg">(info)</a></b></div> <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><i><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 1).ogg">Part 1</a> • <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-Cat_%28part_2%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 2).ogg">Part 2</a> • <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-Cat_%28part_3%29.ogg" class="internal" title="En-Cat (part 3).ogg">Part 3</a></i></div> <div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;"> <div class="floatnone"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sound-icon.svg" class="image" title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" width="45" border="0" height="34" /></a></div> </div> <div style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;">This audio file was created from a revision dated 2007-05-13, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a>)</div> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a></b></div> </div> <div style="right: 30px; display: none;" class="metadata topicon" id="speak-icon"> <div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg" title="This is a spoken version of the article. Click here to listen."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/15px-Sound-icon.svg.png" width="15" border="0" height="11" /></a></div> </div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"> <div class="floatnone"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg" class="image" title="Wiktionary-logo-en.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="54" /></a></div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Look up <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:cat">cat</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kitty" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:kitty">kitty</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meow" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:meow">meow</a></b></i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" title="q:Special:Search/Cat"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="40" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> has a collection of quotations related to: <i><b><a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Cat">Cat</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" title="commons:Special:Search/Cat"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="54" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <i><b><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" class="extiw" title="commons:Felis silvestris catus">Cat</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" title="species:Special:Search/Cat"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="47" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to: <i><b><a href="http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_sylvestris_catus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Felis sylvestris catus">Cat</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat" title="b:Special:Search/Cat"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="40" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> has a book on the topic of <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Animal_Care" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Animal Care">Animal Care</a></b></i></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><a name="Anatomy" id="Anatomy"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Anatomy</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=speciesdata&species=felis-catus" class="external text" title="http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=speciesdata&species=felis-catus" rel="nofollow">High-Resolution Images of the Cat Brain</a></li></ul> <p><a name="Articles" id="Articles"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Articles</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Felis_catus" class="external text" title="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Felis_catus" rel="nofollow">Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography</a> for <i>Felis catus</i></li><li><a href="http://www.xmission.com/%7Eemailbox/whycat.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.xmission.com/~emailbox/whycat.htm" rel="nofollow">Cat behavior explained</a></li><li><a href="http://www.catpert.com/" class="external text" title="http://www.catpert.com/" rel="nofollow">Catpert. The Cat Expert</a> - Cat articles</li><li><a href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Choosing_a_cat" class="external text" title="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Choosing_a_cat" rel="nofollow">Choosing a cat</a> - article at <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a></i></li></ul> <p><a name="Veterinary_related" id="Veterinary_related"></a></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline">Veterinary related</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://www.catvets.com/" class="external text" title="http://www.catvets.com" rel="nofollow">American Association of Feline Practitioners</a></li><li><a href="http://home.ncifcrf.gov/ccr/lgd/comparative_genome/catgenome/index_n.asp" class="external text" title="http://home.ncifcrf.gov/ccr/lgd/comparative_genome/catgenome/index_n.asp" rel="nofollow">Cat Genome Project</a> at the US <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" class="external text" title="http://www.cancer.gov/" rel="nofollow">The National Cancer Institute</a></li><li><a href="http://www.animalhospitals-usa.com/cats/cat_vaccination.html" class="external text" title="http://www.animalhospitals-usa.com/cats/cat_vaccination.html" rel="nofollow">Cat Vaccination and Health Care Schedule</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/" class="external text" title="http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/" rel="nofollow">Cornell Feline Health Center</a></li><li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070106132339/http://www.aafponline.org/resources/guidelines/Feline_Behavior_Guidelines.pdf" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20070106132339/http://www.aafponline.org/resources/guidelines/Feline_Behavior_Guidelines.pdf" rel="nofollow">Feline Behavior Guidelines</a> An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAFP" title="AAFP" class="mw-redirect">AAFP</a> publication</li><li><a href="http://maxshouse.com/Database_toc.htm" class="external text" title="http://maxshouse.com/Database_toc.htm" rel="nofollow">Feline Medical & Behaviour Database</a> (large number of short articles)</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="web"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102104754/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1763&articleid=1108" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102104754/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1763&articleid=1108" rel="nofollow">"Onions are Toxic to Cats"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=0&aid=1108" class="external text" title="http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=0&aid=1108" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-01-02<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102104754/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1763&articleid=1108" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20080102104754/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1763&articleid=1108" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080102104754/http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=0&cat=1763&articleid=1108</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Onions+are+Toxic+to+Cats&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080102104754%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteducation.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fcls%3D0%26cat%3D1763%26articleid%3D1108&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Cat"><span 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href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><span title="Discussion about this template" style="border: medium none ;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Domestic_cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Domestic_cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span title="Edit this template" style="border: medium none ;">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><strong class="selflink">Domestic cat</strong></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cats" title="History of cats">History</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_type_genetic_mutations" title="Cat body type genetic mutations">Body genetics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_anesthesia" title="Veterinary anesthesia">Anesthesia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Cat skin disorders</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Feline acne</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Feline asthma</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Feline calicivirus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Feline hepatic lipidosis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Feline immunodeficiency virus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Feline infectious peritonitis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Feline leukemia virus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Feline lower urinary tract disease</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_panleukopenia" title="Feline panleukopenia">Feline panleukopenia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Feline viral rhinotracheitis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartworm" title="Heartworm" class="mw-redirect">Heartworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">Neutering</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringworm" title="Ringworm">Ringworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language">Body language</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfight_%28animal_behavior%29" title="Catfight (animal behavior)">Catfight</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepeta" title="Nepeta">Catnip</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading_%28cats%29" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;">Human-cat<br />interaction</td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_hoarding" title="Animal hoarding">Animal hoarding</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-rise_syndrome" title="High-rise syndrome">High-rise syndrome</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed">Breeds</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_%28cat%29" title="Abyssinian (cat)">Abyssinian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_%28cat%29" title="Balinese (cat)">Balinese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_%28cat%29" title="Bengal (cat)">Bengal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_%28cat%29" title="Bombay (cat)">Bombay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_%28cat%29" title="Burmese (cat)">Burmese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Spangled_Cat" title="California Spangled Cat">California Spangled</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sphynx" title="Don Sphynx">Don Sphynx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_%28cat%29" title="Himalayan (cat)">Himalayan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_%28cat%29" title="Javanese (cat)">Javanese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_%28cat%29" title="Manx (cat)">Manx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchkin_%28cat%29" title="Munchkin (cat)">Munchkin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_Cat" title="Norwegian Forest Cat">Norwegian Forest Cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_%28cat%29" title="Persian (cat)">Persian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragamuffin_%28cat%29" title="Ragamuffin (cat)">Ragamuffin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_%28cat%29" title="Savannah (cat)">Savannah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_%28cat%29" title="Siberian (cat)">Siberian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura_%28cat%29" title="Singapura (cat)">Singapura</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowshoe_%28cat%29" title="Snowshoe (cat)">Snowshoe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_%28cat%29" title="Somali (cat)">Somali</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphynx_%28cat%29" title="Sphynx (cat)">Sphynx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkinese_%28cat%29" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight: bold;" colspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats">Category</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Portal</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books/Cat" title="Wikipedia:Books/Cat">Book</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable1" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(1);" id="collapseButton1">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora"><span title="Discussion about this template" style="border: medium none ;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Carnivora&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Carnivora&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span title="Edit this template" style="border: medium none ;">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;">Extant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background: rgb(204, 204, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" colspan="2">Kingdom: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia" class="mw-redirect">Animalia</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> Phylum: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata" class="mw-redirect">Chordata</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> Class: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia" class="mw-redirect">Mammalia</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> Infraclass: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> Superorder: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table id="collapsibleTable2" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(2);" id="collapseButton2">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;">Suborder <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Palm_Civet" title="African Palm Civet">Nandiniidae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Palm_Civet" title="African Palm Civet">Nandinia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Palm_Civet" title="African Palm Civet">African Palm Civet (<i>N. binotata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Mongooses)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Mongoose" title="Marsh Mongoose">Atilax</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Mongoose" title="Marsh Mongoose">Marsh Mongoose (<i>A. paludinosus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy-tailed_Mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed Mongoose">Bushy-tailed Mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda}</i></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%27s_Mongoose" title="Jackson's Mongoose">Jackson's Mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-footed_Mongoose" title="Black-footed Mongoose">Black-footed Mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%27s_Kusimanse" title="Alexander's Kusimanse">Alexander's Kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Kusimanse" title="Angolan Kusimanse">Angolan Kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Kusimanse" title="Common Kusimanse">Common Kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-headed_Kusimanse" title="Flat-headed Kusimanse">Flat-headed Kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Mongoose" title="Yellow Mongoose">Cynictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Mongoose" title="Yellow Mongoose">Yellow Mongoose (<i>C. penicillata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pousargues%27s_Mongoose" title="Pousargues's Mongoose">Dologale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pousargues%27s_Mongoose" title="Pousargues's Mongoose">Pousargues's Mongoose (<i>D. dybowskii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerella" title="Galerella">Galerella</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Slender_Mongoose" title="Angolan Slender Mongoose">Angolan Slender Mongoose (<i>G. flavescens</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalian_Slender_Mongoose" title="Somalian Slender Mongoose">Somalian Slender Mongoose (<i>G. ochracea</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Gray_Mongoose" title="Cape Gray Mongoose">Cape Gray Mongoose (<i>G. pulverulenta</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender_Mongoose" title="Slender Mongoose">Slender Mongoose (<i>G. sanguinea</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Dwarf_Mongoose" title="Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose">Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Dwarf_Mongoose" title="Common Dwarf Mongoose">Common Dwarf Mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-tailed_Mongoose" title="Short-tailed Mongoose">Short-tailed Mongoose (<i>H. brachyurus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Gray_Mongoose" title="Indian Gray Mongoose">Indian Gray Mongoose (<i>H. edwardsii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Brown_Mongoose" title="Indian Brown Mongoose">Indian Brown Mongoose (<i>H. fuscus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Mongoose" title="Egyptian Mongoose">Egyptian Mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Asian_Mongoose" title="Small Asian Mongoose">Small Asian Mongoose (<i>H. javanicus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-nosed_Mongoose" title="Long-nosed Mongoose">Long-nosed Mongoose (<i>H. naso</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_Mongoose" title="Collared Mongoose">Collared Mongoose (<i>H. semitorquatus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruddy_Mongoose" title="Ruddy Mongoose">Ruddy Mongoose (<i>H. smithii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab-eating_Mongoose" title="Crab-eating Mongoose">Crab-eating Mongoose (<i>H. urva</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe-necked_Mongoose" title="Stripe-necked Mongoose">Stripe-necked Mongoose (<i>H. vitticollis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_Mongoose" title="White-tailed Mongoose">Ichneumia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_Mongoose" title="White-tailed Mongoose">White-tailed Mongoose (<i>I. albicauda</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberian_Mongoose" title="Liberian Mongoose">Liberiictus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberian_Mongoose" title="Liberian Mongoose">Liberian Mongoose (<i>L. kuhni</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambian_Mongoose" title="Gambian Mongoose">Gambian Mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_Mongoose" title="Banded Mongoose">Banded Mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selous%27_Mongoose" title="Selous' Mongoose">Paracynictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selous%27_Mongoose" title="Selous' Mongoose">Selous' Mongoose (<i>P. selousi</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meller%27s_Mongoose" title="Meller's Mongoose">Rhynchogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meller%27s_Mongoose" title="Meller's Mongoose">Meller's Mongoose (<i>R. melleri</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Suricata</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Hyenas)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Hyena" title="Spotted Hyena">Crocuta</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Hyena" title="Spotted Hyena">Spotted Hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Hyena" title="Brown Hyena">Brown Hyena (<i>H. brunnea</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hyena" title="Striped Hyena">Striped Hyena (<i>H. hyaena</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Proteles</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Large family listed below</div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Large family listed below</div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Large family listed below</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table id="collapsibleTable3" class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(3);" id="collapseButton3">hide</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Family <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_Cat" title="Bay Cat">Bay Cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Golden_Cat" title="Asian Golden Cat">Asian Golden Cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Mountain_Cat" title="Chinese Mountain Cat">Chinese Mountain Cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <strong class="selflink">Cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</strong><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle_Cat" title="Jungle Cat">Jungle Cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallas%27_Cat" title="Pallas' Cat" class="mw-redirect">Pallas' Cat (<i>F. manul</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Cat" title="Sand Cat">Sand Cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-footed_Cat" title="Black-footed Cat">Black-footed Cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">Wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal_Cat" title="Pantanal Cat">Pantanal Cat (<i>L. braccatus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colocolo" title="Colocolo">Colocolo (<i>L. colocolo</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_Cat" title="Geoffroy's Cat">Geoffroy's Cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_Mountain_Cat" title="Andean Mountain Cat" class="mw-redirect">Andean Mountain Cat (<i>L. jacobitus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampas_Cat" title="Pampas Cat">Pampas Cat (<i>L. pajeros</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Leptailurus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>L. serval</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Lynx" title="Canadian Lynx">Canadian Lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Lynx" title="Eurasian Lynx">Eurasian Lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Lynx" title="Iberian Lynx">Iberian Lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_Cat" title="Marbled Cat">Pardofelis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_Cat" title="Marbled Cat">Marbled Cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_Cat" title="Leopard Cat">Leopard Cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriomote_Cat" title="Iriomote Cat">Iriomote Cat (<i>P. iriomotensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-headed_Cat" title="Flat-headed Cat">Flat-headed Cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty-spotted_Cat" title="Rusty-spotted Cat">Rusty-spotted Cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_Cat" title="Fishing Cat">Fishing Cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Golden_Cat" title="African Golden Cat">Profelis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Golden_Cat" title="African Golden Cat">African Golden Cat (<i>P. aurata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_%28genus%29" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>P. yagouaroundi</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouded_Leopard" title="Clouded Leopard">Clouded Leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornean_Clouded_Leopard" title="Bornean Clouded Leopard">Bornean Clouded Leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Leopard" title="Snow Leopard">Uncia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Leopard" title="Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard (<i>U. uncia</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table id="collapsibleTable4" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(4);" id="collapseButton4">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Family <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a> <small>(includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civet" title="Civet">Civets</a>)</small></span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Arctictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>A. binturong</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-toothed_Palm_Civet" title="Small-toothed Palm Civet">Arctogalidia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-toothed_Palm_Civet" title="Small-toothed Palm Civet">Small-toothed Palm Civet (<i>A. trivirgata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Palm_Civet" title="Sulawesi Palm Civet">Macrogalidia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Palm_Civet" title="Sulawesi Palm Civet">Sulawesi Palm Civet (<i>M. musschenbroekii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masked_Palm_Civet" title="Masked Palm Civet">Paguma</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masked_Palm_Civet" title="Masked Palm Civet">Masked Palm Civet (<i>P. larvata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Palm_Civet" title="Asian Palm Civet">Asian Palm Civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerdon%27s_Palm_Civet" title="Jerdon's Palm Civet">Jerdon's Palm Civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Palm_Civet" title="Golden Palm Civet">Golden Palm Civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owston%27s_Palm_Civet" title="Owston's Palm Civet">Chrotogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owston%27s_Palm_Civet" title="Owston's Palm Civet">Owston's Palm Civet (<i>C. owstoni</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter_Civet" title="Otter Civet">Cynogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter_Civet" title="Otter Civet">Otter Civet (<i>C. bennettii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose%27s_Palm_Civet" title="Hose's Palm Civet">Diplogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose%27s_Palm_Civet" title="Hose's Palm Civet">Hose's Palm Civet (<i>D. hosei</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_Palm_Civet" title="Banded Palm Civet">Hemigalus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_Palm_Civet" title="Banded Palm Civet">Banded Palm Civet (<i>H. derbyanus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodontinae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em; height: 4em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto; height: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_Linsang" title="Banded Linsang">Banded Linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Linsang" title="Spotted Linsang">Spotted Linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Civet" title="African Civet">Civettictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Civet" title="African Civet">African Civet (<i>C. civetta</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genet_%28animal%29" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Genets)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_Genet" title="Abyssinian Genet">Abyssinian Genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Genet" title="Angolan Genet">Angolan Genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourlon%27s_Genet" title="Bourlon's Genet">Bourlon's Genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Servaline_Genet" title="Crested Servaline Genet">Crested Servaline Genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Genet" title="Common Genet">Common Genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnston%27s_Genet" title="Johnston's Genet">Johnston's Genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusty-spotted_Genet" title="Rusty-spotted Genet">Rusty-spotted Genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pardine_Genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pardine Genet (page does not exist)">Pardine Genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_Genet" title="Aquatic Genet">Aquatic Genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Genet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Genet (page does not exist)">King Genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servaline_Genet" title="Servaline Genet">Servaline Genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haussa_Genet" title="Haussa Genet">Haussa Genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Genet" title="Cape Genet">Cape Genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Forest_Genet" title="Giant Forest Genet">Giant Forest Genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_linsang" title="African linsang">Poiana</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leighton%27s_Linsang" title="Leighton's Linsang">Leighton's Linsang (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Linsang" title="African Linsang">African Linsang (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Large-spotted_Civet" title="Malabar Large-spotted Civet">Malabar Large-spotted Civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-spotted_Civet" title="Large-spotted Civet">Large-spotted Civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Civet" title="Malayan Civet">Malayan Civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Indian_Civet" title="Large Indian Civet">Large Indian Civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8.5em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Indian_Civet" title="Small Indian Civet">Viverricula</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Indian_Civet" title="Small Indian Civet">Small Indian Civet (<i>V. indica</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table id="collapsibleTable5" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(5);" id="collapseButton5">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Family <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euplerinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euplerinae (page does not exist)">Euplerinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_%28animal%29" title="Fossa (animal)">Cryptoprocta</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_%28animal%29" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>C. ferox</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanouc" title="Falanouc">Eupleres</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanouc" title="Falanouc">Falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasy_Civet" title="Malagasy Civet">Fossa</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasy_Civet" title="Malagasy Civet">Malagasy Civet (<i>F. fossana</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_Mongoose" title="Ring-tailed Mongoose">Galidia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_Mongoose" title="Ring-tailed Mongoose">Ring-tailed Mongoose (<i>G. elegans</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_Mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandidier%27s_Mongoose" title="Grandidier's Mongoose">Grandidier's Mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow-striped_Mongoose" title="Narrow-striped Mongoose">Mungotictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow-striped_Mongoose" title="Narrow-striped Mongoose">Narrow-striped Mongoose (<i>M. decemlineata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-tailed_Mongoose" title="Brown-tailed Mongoose">Salanoia</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-tailed_Mongoose" title="Brown-tailed Mongoose">Brown-tailed Mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table id="collapsibleTable6" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(6);" id="collapseButton6">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;">Suborder <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> <span style="font-weight: normal;">(cont. below)</span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Bears)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Panda" title="Giant Panda">Giant Panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Bear" title="Sun Bear">Helarctos</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Bear" title="Sun Bear">Sun Bear (<i>H. malayanus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloth_Bear" title="Sloth Bear">Melursus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloth_Bear" title="Sloth Bear">Sloth Bear (<i>M. ursinus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_Bear" title="Spectacled Bear">Tremarctos</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_Bear" title="Spectacled Bear">Spectacled Bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursus_%28genus%29" title="Ursus (genus)">Ursus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Black_Bear" title="American Black Bear">American Black Bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bear" title="Brown Bear">Brown Bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Black_Bear" title="Asian Black Bear">Asian Black Bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Skunks)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Hog-nosed<br />skunks)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molina%27s_Hog-nosed_Skunk" title="Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk">Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt%27s_Hog-nosed_Skunk" title="Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk">Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Hog-nosed_Skunk" title="American Hog-nosed Skunk">American Hog-nosed Skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Hog-nosed_Skunk" title="Striped Hog-nosed Skunk">Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephitis_%28genus%29" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_Skunk" title="Hooded Skunk">Hooded Skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Skunk" title="Striped Skunk">Striped Skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydaus" title="Mydaus">Mydaus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Stink_Badger" title="Sunda Stink Badger">Sunda Stink Badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan_Stink_Badger" title="Palawan Stink Badger">Palawan Stink Badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Spotted skunks)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Spotted_Skunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Spotted Skunk (page does not exist)">Southern Spotted Skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Spotted_Skunk" title="Western Spotted Skunk">Western Spotted Skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Spotted_Skunk" title="Eastern Spotted Skunk">Eastern Spotted Skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmy_Spotted_Skunk" title="Pygmy Spotted Skunk">Pygmy Spotted Skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olingo" title="Olingo">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Olingos)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s_Olingo" title="Allen's Olingo">Allen's Olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beddard%27s_Olingo" title="Beddard's Olingo">Beddard's Olingo (<i>B. beddardi</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy-tailed_Olingo" title="Bushy-tailed Olingo">Bushy-tailed Olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%27s_Olingo" title="Harris's Olingo">Harris's Olingo (<i>B. lasius</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiriqui_Olingo" title="Chiriqui Olingo">Chiriqui Olingo (<i>B. pauli</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_Cat" title="Ring-tailed Cat">Ring-tailed Cat (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Coatis</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-nosed_Coati" title="White-nosed Coati">White-nosed Coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Coati" title="South American Coati">South American Coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Coati" title="Mountain Coati">Nasuella</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Coatis</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Coati" title="Mountain Coati">Mountain Coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Potos</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>P. flavus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyon_%28genus%29" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab-eating_Raccoon" title="Crab-eating Raccoon">Crab-eating Raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozumel_Raccoon" title="Cozumel Raccoon">Cozumel Raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Panda" title="Red Panda">Ailurus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Panda" title="Red Panda">Red Panda (<i>A. fulgens</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table id="collapsibleTable7" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(7);" id="collapseButton7">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;">Suborder <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> <span style="font-weight: normal;">(cont. above)</span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Eared seals)</span></span></small><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a><br />and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Fur_Seal" title="South American Fur Seal">South American Fur Seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian_Fur_Seal" title="Australasian Fur Seal">Australasian Fur Seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Fur_Seal" title="Galápagos Fur Seal">Galápagos Fur Seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Fur_Seal" title="Antarctic Fur Seal">Antarctic Fur Seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Fur_Seal" title="Juan Fernández Fur Seal">Juan Fernández Fur Seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Fur_Seal" title="Brown Fur Seal">Brown Fur Seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Fur_Seal" title="Guadalupe Fur Seal">Guadalupe Fur Seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subantarctic_Fur_Seal" title="Subantarctic Fur Seal">Subantarctic Fur Seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Fur_Seal" title="Northern Fur Seal">Callorhinus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Fur_Seal" title="Northern Fur Seal">Northern Fur Seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller_Sea_Lion" title="Steller Sea Lion">Eumetopias</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller_Sea_Lion" title="Steller Sea Lion">Steller Sea Lion (<i>E. jubatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Sea_Lion" title="Australian Sea Lion">Neophoca</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Sea_Lion" title="Australian Sea Lion">Australian Sea Lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Sea_Lion" title="South American Sea Lion">Otaria</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Sea_Lion" title="South American Sea Lion">South American Sea Lion (<i>O. flavescens</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Sea_Lion" title="New Zealand Sea Lion">Phocarctos</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Sea_Lion" title="New Zealand Sea Lion">New Zealand Sea Lion (<i>P. hookeri</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Sea_Lion" title="California Sea Lion">California Sea Lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Sea_Lion" title="Galápagos Sea Lion">Galápagos Sea Lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Odobenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em; height: 4em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Odobenus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>O. rosmarus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Earless seals)</span></span></small><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinniped</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_Seal" title="Hooded Seal">Cystophora</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_Seal" title="Hooded Seal">Hooded Seal (<i>C. cristata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Seal" title="Bearded Seal">Erignathus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Seal" title="Bearded Seal">Bearded Seal (<i>E. barbatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Seal" title="Gray Seal">Halichoerus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Seal" title="Gray Seal">Gray Seal (<i>H. grypus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_Seal" title="Ribbon Seal">Histriophoca</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_Seal" title="Ribbon Seal">Ribbon Seal (<i>H. fasciata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_Seal" title="Leopard Seal">Hydrurga</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_Seal" title="Leopard Seal">Leopard Seal (<i>H. leptonyx</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddell_Seal" title="Weddell Seal">Leptonychotes</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddell_Seal" title="Weddell Seal">Weddell Seal (<i>L. weddellii</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabeater_Seal" title="Crabeater Seal">Lobodon</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabeater_Seal" title="Crabeater Seal">Crabeater Seal (<i>L. carcinophagus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Elephant seals)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Elephant_Seal" title="Northern Elephant Seal">Northern Elephant Seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Elephant_Seal" title="Southern Elephant Seal">Southern Elephant Seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monachus" title="Monachus">Monachus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Monk_Seal" title="Mediterranean Monk Seal">Mediterranean Monk Seal (<i>M. monachus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Monk_Seal" title="Hawaiian Monk Seal">Hawaiian Monk Seal (<i>M. schauinslandi</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Seal" title="Ross Seal">Ommatophoca</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Seal" title="Ross Seal">Ross Seal (<i>O. rossi</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harp_Seal" title="Harp Seal">Pagophilus</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harp_Seal" title="Harp Seal">Harp Seal (<i>P. groenlandicus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Seal" title="Spotted Seal">Spotted Seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor_Seal" title="Harbor Seal">Harbor Seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 9em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Seal" title="Caspian Seal">Caspian Seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringed_Seal" title="Ringed Seal">Ringed Seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikal_Seal" title="Baikal Seal">Baikal Seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Large family listed below</div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">Large family listed below</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table id="collapsibleTable8" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(8);" id="collapseButton8">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Family <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a></span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-eared_Dog" title="Short-eared Dog">Atelocynus</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-eared_Dog" title="Short-eared Dog">Short-eared Dog (<i>A. microtis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-striped_Jackal" title="Side-striped Jackal">Side-striped Jackal (<i>C. adustus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Jackal" title="Golden Jackal">Golden Jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Wolf" title="Gray Wolf">Gray Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-backed_Jackal" title="Black-backed Jackal">Black-backed Jackal (<i>C. mesomelas</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Wolf" title="Ethiopian Wolf">Ethiopian Wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab-eating_Fox" title="Crab-eating Fox">Cerdocyon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab-eating_Fox" title="Crab-eating Fox">Crab-eating Fox (<i>C. thous</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maned_Wolf" title="Maned Wolf">Chrysocyon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maned_Wolf" title="Maned Wolf">Maned Wolf (<i>C. brachyurus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Cuon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>C. alpinus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycalopex" title="Lycalopex">Lycalopex</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_Fox" title="Darwin's Fox">Darwin's Fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Gray_Fox" title="South American Gray Fox">South American Gray Fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampas_Fox" title="Pampas Fox">Pampas Fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechuran_Fox" title="Sechuran Fox">Sechuran Fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoary_Fox" title="Hoary Fox">Hoary Fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wild_Dog" title="African Wild Dog">Lycaon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wild_Dog" title="African Wild Dog">African Wild Dog (<i>L. pictus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon_Dog" title="Raccoon Dog">Raccoon Dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat-eared_Fox" title="Bat-eared Fox">Otocyon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat-eared_Fox" title="Bat-eared Fox">Bat-eared Fox (<i>O. megalotis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Dog" title="Bush Dog">Bush Dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Fox" title="Gray Fox">Gray Fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Fox" title="Island Fox">Island Fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Fox" title="Bengal Fox">Bengal Fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanford%27s_Fox" title="Blanford's Fox">Blanford's Fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Fox" title="Cape Fox">Cape Fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsac_Fox" title="Corsac Fox">Corsac Fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Sand_Fox" title="Tibetan Sand Fox">Tibetan Sand Fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Fox" title="Arctic Fox">Arctic Fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Fox" title="Kit Fox">Kit Fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Fox" title="Pale Fox">Pale Fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_Fox" title="Rüppell's Fox">Rüppell's Fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Fox" title="Swift Fox">Swift Fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Fox" title="Red Fox">Red Fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennec_Fox" title="Fennec Fox">Fennec Fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table id="collapsibleTable9" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(9);" id="collapseButton9">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> </div> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Family <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></span></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Otters)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Clawless_Otter" title="African Clawless Otter">African Clawless Otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Small-clawed_Otter" title="Oriental Small-clawed Otter">Oriental Small-clawed Otter (<i>A. cinerea</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Enhydra</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted-necked_Otter" title="Spotted-necked Otter">Hydrictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted-necked_Otter" title="Spotted-necked Otter">Spotted-necked Otter (<i>H. maculicollis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_River_Otter" title="North American River Otter">North American River Otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Otter" title="Marine Otter">Marine Otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropical_Otter" title="Neotropical Otter">Neotropical Otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_River_Otter" title="Southern River Otter">Southern River Otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Otter" title="European Otter">European Otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy-nosed_Otter" title="Hairy-nosed Otter">Hairy-nosed Otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth-coated_Otter" title="Smooth-coated Otter">Smooth-coated Otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Otter" title="Giant Otter">Pteronura</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Otter" title="Giant Otter">Giant Otter (<i>P. brasiliensis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Badgers</a>)</span></span></small></td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog_Badger" title="Hog Badger">Arctonyx</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog_Badger" title="Hog Badger">Hog Badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Eira</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>E. barbara</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Grison" title="Lesser Grison">Lesser Grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Grison" title="Greater Grison">Greater Grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Gulo</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_Striped_Polecat" title="Saharan Striped Polecat">Saharan Striped Polecat (<i>I. libyca</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_Polecat" title="Striped Polecat">Striped Polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonian_Weasel" title="Patagonian Weasel">Lyncodon</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonian_Weasel" title="Patagonian Weasel">Patagonian Weasel (<i>L. patagonicus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Martens)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marten" title="American Marten">American Marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-throated_Marten" title="Yellow-throated Marten">Yellow-throated Marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech_Marten" title="Beech Marten">Beech Marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilgiri_Marten" title="Nilgiri Marten">Nilgiri Marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Pine_Marten" title="European Pine Marten">European Pine Marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Marten" title="Japanese Marten">Japanese Marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_%28animal%29" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>M. pennanti</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meles_%28genus%29" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Badger (page does not exist)">Japanese Badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_Badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Badger (page does not exist)">Asian Badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Badger" title="European Badger">European Badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Badger" title="Honey Badger">Mellivora</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Badger" title="Honey Badger">Honey Badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornean_Ferret-badger" title="Bornean Ferret-badger">Bornean Ferret-badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Ferret-badger" title="Chinese Ferret-badger">Chinese Ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javan_Ferret-badger" title="Javan Ferret-badger">Javan Ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_Ferret-badger" title="Burmese Ferret-badger">Burmese Ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Weasels)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Weasel" title="Amazon Weasel">Amazon Weasel (<i>M. africana</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Weasel" title="Mountain Weasel">Mountain Weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermine" title="Ermine" class="mw-redirect">Ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe_Polecat" title="Steppe Polecat">Steppe Polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Weasel" title="Colombian Weasel">Colombian Weasel (<i>M. felipei</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_Weasel" title="Long-tailed Weasel">Long-tailed Weasel (<i>M. frenata</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Weasel" title="Japanese Weasel">Japanese Weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_Weasel" title="Yellow-bellied Weasel">Yellow-bellied Weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Mink" title="European Mink">European Mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Mountain_Weasel" title="Indonesian Mountain Weasel">Indonesian Mountain Weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-footed_Ferret" title="Black-footed Ferret">Black-footed Ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_Weasel" title="Least Weasel">Least Weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Weasel" title="Malayan Weasel">Malayan Weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Polecat" title="European Polecat">European Polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Weasel" title="Siberian Weasel">Siberian Weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-striped_Weasel" title="Back-striped Weasel">Back-striped Weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Weasel" title="Egyptian Weasel">Egyptian Weasel (<i>M. subpalmata</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mink" title="Mink">Neovison</a></i><br /><small><span style="color: rgb(105, 105, 105);"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Minks)</span></span></small></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Mink" title="American Mink">American Mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Striped_Weasel" title="African Striped Weasel">Poecilogale</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Striped_Weasel" title="African Striped Weasel">African Striped Weasel (<i>P. albinucha</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Badger" title="American Badger">Taxidea</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Badger" title="American Badger">American Badger (<i>T. taxus</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; width: 8em;"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.75em;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_Polecat" title="Marbled Polecat">Vormela</a></i></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: auto;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_Polecat" title="Marbled Polecat">Marbled Polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><span id="interwiki-es-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-ru-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-sk-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-sr-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-hu-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-eo-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-id-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-ca-fa"></span> <span id="interwiki-ml-fa"></span></p> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 51282/1000000 Post-expand include size: 1365249/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 877983/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 9/500 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You can view its source [alt-shift-e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=history" title="Past versions of this page [alt-shift-h]" accesskey="h">History</a></li><li id="ca-watch"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=watch" title="Add this page to your watchlist [alt-shift-w]" accesskey="w">Watch</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-personal"> <h5>Personal tools</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul><li id="pt-userpage"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:GailAlexander" title="Your user page [alt-shift-.]" accesskey=".">GailAlexander</a></li><li id="pt-mytalk"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:GailAlexander" title="Your talk page [alt-shift-n]" accesskey="n" class="new">My talk</a></li><li id="pt-preferences"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Your preferences">My preferences</a></li><li id="pt-watchlist"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Watchlist" title="The list of pages that you are monitoring for changes [alt-shift-l]" accesskey="l">My watchlist</a></li><li id="pt-mycontris"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/GailAlexander" title="List of your contributions [alt-shift-y]" accesskey="y">My contributions</a></li><li id="pt-logout"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogout&returnto=Cat" title="Log out">Log out</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-logo"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); </script> <h5>Navigation</h5><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-34772301614696608072009-06-06T15:46:00.000-07:002009-06-06T16:00:57.076-07:00How Many Cat Breeds Are There?<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">List of Cat Breeds</h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <!-- start content --> <p>The following <b>list of cat breeds</b> includes domestic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed">cat breeds</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felid_hybrid#Domestic_Cat_.26_hybridization" title="Felid hybrid">domestic/wild hybrids</a>. The list includes established breeds recognized by various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">cat registries</a>, new and experimental breeds, distinct domestic population not being actively developed and lapsed breeds.</p> <p>Inconsistency in breed classification among registries means that an individual animal may be considered different breeds by different registries. For example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a>'s Himalayan is considered a colorpoint version of the Persian by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> while the CFA's Javanese is considered a color variation of the Balinese by TICA.</p> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_shorthaired_cat" title="Domestic shorthaired cat">domestic shorthair</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_longhaired_cat" title="Domestic longhaired cat">domestic longhair</a> are not breeds but terms used in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy" class="mw-redirect">cat fancy</a> to describe cats that do not belong to a particular breed.</p> <p><a name="Breeds" id="Breeds"></a><span class="editsection"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span class="editsection"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 51, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span class="mw-headline">Breeds</span></span></p> <table id="sortable_table_id_0" class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Breed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Country <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Origin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Body type <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Coat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Pattern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Notes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th class="unsortable">Image</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_%28cat%29" title="Abyssinian (cat)">Abyssinian</a></td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Short</td> <td>Ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustav_chocolate.jpg" class="image" title="Gustav chocolate.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gustav_chocolate.jpg/100px-Gustav_chocolate.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="143" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean cat</a></td> <td>Greece</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Mist" title="Australian Mist">Australian Mist</a></td> <td>Australia</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Moderate</td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted and Classic tabby</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_Spotted_Australian_Mist.jpg" class="image" title="Blue Spotted Australian Mist.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f4/Blue_Spotted_Australian_Mist.jpg/100px-Blue_Spotted_Australian_Mist.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="102" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydactyl_cat#Breeds_and_varieties" title="Polydactyl cat">American Polydactyl</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polydactylcat.jpg" class="image" title="Polydactylcat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Polydactylcat.jpg/100px-Polydactylcat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bobtail" title="American Bobtail">American Bobtail</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_curl_2.jpg" class="image" title="American curl 2.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/American_curl_2.jpg/100px-American_curl_2.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="71" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Longhair" title="American Longhair">American Longhair</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:91092531_59d9d45235_b.jpg" class="image" title="91092531 59d9d45235 b.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/91092531_59d9d45235_b.jpg/100px-91092531_59d9d45235_b.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Wirehair" title="American Wirehair">American Wirehair</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Rex</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Semi-longhair" title="Asian Semi-longhair">Asian Semi-longhair</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_%28cat%29" title="Balinese (cat)">Balinese</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Long</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oskar.jpg" class="image" title="Oskar.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Oskar.jpg/100px-Oskar.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="69" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_%28cat%29" title="Bengal (cat)">Bengal</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Hybrid</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted/Marbled</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BengalCat_Stella.jpg" class="image" title="BengalCat Stella.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/BengalCat_Stella.jpg/100px-BengalCat_Stella.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="53" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></td> <td>Burma</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Birman2.jpg" class="image" title="Birman2.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Birman2.jpg/100px-Birman2.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_%28cat%29" title="Bombay (cat)">Bombay</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bombay_cat.jpg" class="image" title="Bombay cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bombay_cat.jpg/100px-Bombay_cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="86" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></td> <td>Brazil</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gato_pelo_curto_brasileiro.JPG" class="image" title="Gato pelo curto brasileiro.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gato_pelo_curto_brasileiro.JPG/100px-Gato_pelo_curto_brasileiro.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Short</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Britishblue.jpg" class="image" title="Britishblue.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Britishblue.jpg/100px-Britishblue.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="161" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Longhair" title="British Longhair">British Longhair</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:British_Longhair_-_Black_Silver_Shaded.jpg" class="image" title="British Longhair - Black Silver Shaded.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/British_Longhair_-_Black_Silver_Shaded.jpg/100px-British_Longhair_-_Black_Silver_Shaded.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_%28cat%29" title="Burmese (cat)">Burmese</a></td> <td>Burma</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blissandlucky11.jpg" class="image" title="Blissandlucky11.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blissandlucky11.jpg/100px-Blissandlucky11.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="65" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Male_Burmilla_cat.jpeg" class="image" title="Male Burmilla cat.jpeg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Male_Burmilla_cat.jpeg/100px-Male_Burmilla_cat.jpeg" width="100" border="0" height="90" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Spangled_Cat" title="California Spangled Cat">California Spangled Cat</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Star_Spangled_Cat.jpg" class="image" title="Star Spangled Cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Star_Spangled_Cat.jpg/100px-Star_Spangled_Cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="68" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantilly-Tiffany_cat" title="Chantilly-Tiffany cat">Chantilly/Tiffany</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></td> <td>France</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abbaye_fev2006_003.jpg" class="image" title="Abbaye fev2006 003.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Abbaye_fev2006_003.jpg/100px-Abbaye_fev2006_003.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="150" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Hybrid</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chausiecatexample.jpg" class="image" title="Chausiecatexample.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chausiecatexample.jpg/100px-Chausiecatexample.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetoh" title="Cheetoh">Cheetoh</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Hybrid cross</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jake117.jpg" class="image" title="Jake117.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Jake117.jpg/100px-Jake117.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymric_%28cat%29" title="Cymric (cat)">Cymric</a></td> <td>Isle of Man</td> <td>Natural/Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></td> <td>England</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Rex</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BebopsLilacPrince.JPG" class="image" title="BebopsLilacPrince.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/BebopsLilacPrince.JPG/100px-BebopsLilacPrince.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="116" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></td> <td>England</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Rex</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Devon_Rex_Izzy.jpg" class="image" title="Devon Rex Izzy.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Devon_Rex_Izzy.jpg/100px-Devon_Rex_Izzy.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="90" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sphynx" title="Don Sphynx">Don Sphynx</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Hairless</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_don_sphinx.JPG" class="image" title="Cat don sphinx.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cat_don_sphinx.JPG/100px-Cat_don_sphinx.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="67" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Dragon Li</a></td> <td>China</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Striped tabby</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dragon_Li_-_Li_Hua_Mau1.jpg" class="image" title="Dragon Li - Li Hua Mau1.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Dragon_Li_-_Li_Hua_Mau1.jpg/100px-Dragon_Li_-_Li_Hua_Mau1.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egy_mau.jpg" class="image" title="Egy mau.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Egy_mau.jpg/100px-Egy_mau.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="50" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></td> <td>Sweden</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:European_shorthair_procumbent_Quincy.jpg" class="image" title="European shorthair procumbent Quincy.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/European_shorthair_procumbent_Quincy.jpg/100px-European_shorthair_procumbent_Quincy.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="67" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Short</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cream_tabby_exotic_cat.jpg" class="image" title="Cream tabby exotic cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cream_tabby_exotic_cat.jpg/100px-Cream_tabby_exotic_cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="65" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></td> <td>East Germany</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Rex</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:German_Rex_Emi.jpg" class="image" title="German Rex Emi.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/German_Rex_Emi.jpg/100px-German_Rex_Emi.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="129" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana_Brown" title="Havana Brown">Havana Brown</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Havana_Brown.jpg" class="image" title="Havana Brown.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Havana_Brown.jpg/100px-Havana_Brown.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="138" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_%28cat%29" title="Himalayan (cat)">Himalayan</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorpoint_Persian" title="Colorpoint Persian" class="mw-redirect">Colorpoint Persian</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chocolate_Himlayan.jpg" class="image" title="Chocolate Himlayan.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chocolate_Himlayan.jpg/100px-Chocolate_Himlayan.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="60" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Moderate</td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td>All but colorpoint and ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JapaneseBobtailBlueEyedMi-ke.JPG" class="image" title="JapaneseBobtailBlueEyedMi-ke.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/JapaneseBobtailBlueEyedMi-ke.JPG/100px-JapaneseBobtailBlueEyedMi-ke.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="72" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_%28cat%29" title="Javanese (cat)">Javanese</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Long</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Javanese_cat.jpg" class="image" title="Javanese cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Javanese_cat.jpg/100px-Javanese_cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellas_Cat" title="Kellas Cat">Kellas Cat</a></td> <td>Scotland</td> <td>Natural hybrid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></td> <td>Thailand</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Veda,chat-adulte-m%C3%A2le-race-korat.JPG" class="image" title="Veda,chat-adulte-mâle-race-korat.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Veda%2Cchat-adulte-m%C3%A2le-race-korat.JPG/100px-Veda%2Cchat-adulte-m%C3%A2le-race-korat.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="145" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Semi-cobby</td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kurilian_bobtail.JPG" class="image" title="Kurilian bobtail.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kurilian_bobtail.JPG/100px-Kurilian_bobtail.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaPerm" title="LaPerm">LaPerm</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td>Moderate</td> <td>Rex</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laperm_LH_red_tabby.jpg" class="image" title="Laperm LH red tabby.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Laperm_LH_red_tabby.jpg/100px-Laperm_LH_red_tabby.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td>All but colorpoint and ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maine_Coon_female.jpg" class="image" title="Maine Coon female.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Maine_Coon_female.jpg/100px-Maine_Coon_female.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_%28cat%29" title="Manx (cat)">Manx</a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td> <td>Natural/Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manx_breed_cat_named_Inkku.jpg" class="image" title="Manx breed cat named Inkku.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Manx_breed_cat_named_Inkku.jpg/100px-Manx_breed_cat_named_Inkku.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="70" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchkin_%28cat%29" title="Munchkin (cat)">Munchkin</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Munchkin_cat_grooming.jpg" class="image" title="Munchkin cat grooming.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Munchkin_cat_grooming.jpg/100px-Munchkin_cat_grooming.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebelung" title="Nebelung">Nebelung</a></td> <td>Disputed</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aleksandr_van_Song_de_Chine_2_zijkant_klein_majesteit.JPG" class="image" title="Aleksandr van Song de Chine 2 zijkant klein majesteit.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Aleksandr_van_Song_de_Chine_2_zijkant_klein_majesteit.JPG/100px-Aleksandr_van_Song_de_Chine_2_zijkant_klein_majesteit.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="66" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_Cat" title="Norwegian Forest Cat">Norwegian Forest Cat</a></td> <td>Norway</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Norskskogkatt_Evita_3.JPG" class="image" title="Norskskogkatt Evita 3.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Norskskogkatt_Evita_3.JPG/100px-Norskskogkatt_Evita_3.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="98" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ocicat-Charan.jpg" class="image" title="Ocicat-Charan.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ocicat-Charan.jpg/100px-Ocicat-Charan.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="97" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Rex" title="Oregon Rex">Oregon Rex</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Rex</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Bicolour" title="Oriental Bicolour">Oriental Bicolour</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20070130_caroline.jpg" class="image" title="20070130 caroline.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1a/20070130_caroline.jpg/100px-20070130_caroline.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="163" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Short</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mite_030604.jpg" class="image" title="Mite 030604.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Mite_030604.jpg/100px-Mite_030604.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="83" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Longhair" title="Oriental Longhair">Oriental Longhair</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_%28cat%29" title="Persian (cat)">Persian</a></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Long</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Persialainen.jpg" class="image" title="Persialainen.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Persialainen.jpg/100px-Persialainen.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="140" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Hairless</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tamila.jpg" class="image" title="Tamila.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Tamila.jpg/100px-Tamila.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob" class="mw-redirect">Pixie-bob</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jarnac_Bepacific_feb07.jpg" class="image" title="Jarnac Bepacific feb07.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jarnac_Bepacific_feb07.jpg/100px-Jarnac_Bepacific_feb07.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Long</td> <td>Colorpoint/Mitted/Bicolor</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ragdoll_from_Gatil_Ragbelas.jpg" class="image" title="Ragdoll from Gatil Ragbelas.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ragdoll_from_Gatil_Ragbelas.jpg/100px-Ragdoll_from_Gatil_Ragbelas.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="95" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragamuffin_%28cat%29" title="Ragamuffin (cat)">Ragamuffin</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Long</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ragamuffin.jpg" class="image" title="Ragamuffin.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Ragamuffin.jpg/100px-Ragamuffin.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="113" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Syt300.gif" class="image" title="Syt300.gif"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Syt300.gif" width="100" border="0" height="144" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_White,_Black_and_Tabby" title="Russian White, Black and Tabby">Russian White, Black and Tabby</a></td> <td>Australia</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_%28cat%29" title="Savannah (cat)">Savannah</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Hybrid</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Savannah_Cat_portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Savannah Cat portrait.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Savannah_Cat_portrait.jpg/100px-Savannah_Cat_portrait.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="150" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></td> <td>Scotland</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Short/Long</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scottishfold.jpg" class="image" title="Scottishfold.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Scottishfold.jpg/100px-Scottishfold.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation/Cross</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Rex (Short/Long)</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PolloSelkirkRex.jpg" class="image" title="PolloSelkirkRex.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/PolloSelkirkRex.jpg/100px-PolloSelkirkRex.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti cat</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Hybrid cross</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serengetimalecat.jpg" class="image" title="Serengetimalecat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Serengetimalecat.jpg/100px-Serengetimalecat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="78" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese</a></td> <td>Thailand</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Short</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Siam_lilacpoint.jpg" class="image" title="Siam lilacpoint.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Siam_lilacpoint.jpg/100px-Siam_lilacpoint.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="102" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_%28cat%29" title="Siberian (cat)">Siberian</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>Natural</td> <td>Cobby</td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qgcfillimor.jpg" class="image" title="Qgcfillimor.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Qgcfillimor.jpg/100px-Qgcfillimor.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="80" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura_%28cat%29" title="Singapura (cat)">Singapura</a></td> <td>Singapore*</td> <td>Natural*</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffles_singapura_cat.jpg" class="image" title="Raffles singapura cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Raffles_singapura_cat.jpg/100px-Raffles_singapura_cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowshoe_%28cat%29" title="Snowshoe (cat)">Snowshoe</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snowshoe_%28cat%29.JPG" class="image" title="Snowshoe (cat).JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Snowshoe_%28cat%29.JPG/100px-Snowshoe_%28cat%29.JPG" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphynx_%28cat%29" title="Sphynx (cat)">Sphynx</a></td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>Hairless</td> <td>All</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sphinx2_July_2006.jpg" class="image" title="Sphinx2 July 2006.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sphinx2_July_2006.jpg/100px-Sphinx2_July_2006.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="133" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></td> <td>Kenya</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Classic tabby with ticking</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sokoke_dalili.jpg" class="image" title="Sokoke dalili.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sokoke_dalili.jpg/100px-Sokoke_dalili.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_%28cat%29" title="Somali (cat)">Somali</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Long</td> <td>Ticked</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_Somali_kitten_age_3_months.jpg" class="image" title="Blue Somali kitten age 3 months.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blue_Somali_kitten_age_3_months.jpg/100px-Blue_Somali_kitten_age_3_months.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumxu" title="Sumxu">Sumxu</a></td> <td>China</td> <td>Natural/Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Extinct</td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkinese_%28cat%29" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a></td> <td>Canada</td> <td>Crossbreed</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Colourpoint/Mink/Solid</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tonkinese.gif" class="image" title="Tonkinese.gif"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Tonkinese.gif" width="100" border="0" height="79" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td>All but colorpoint</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angora.jpg" class="image" title="Angora.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Angora.jpg/100px-Angora.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="67" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td>Van</td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_Van_Example2.jpg" class="image" title="Turkish Van Example2.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Turkish_Van_Example2.jpg/100px-Turkish_Van_Example2.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Vankedisi" title="Turkish Vankedisi">Turkish Vankedisi</a></td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>Natural</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Semi-long</td> <td>All white</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Twisty Cat/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Mutation</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Squitten2.jpg" class="image" title="Squitten2.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Squitten2.jpg/100px-Squitten2.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="80" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Chocolate_Cat" title="York Chocolate Cat">York Chocolate Cat</a></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adult_Kittie_%28s%29.jpg" class="image" title="Adult Kittie (s).jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Adult_Kittie_%28s%29.jpg/100px-Adult_Kittie_%28s%29.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="75" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussuri_%28cat%29" title="Ussuri (cat)">Ussuri</a></td> <td>Russia</td> <td>Natural hybrid*</td> <td><br /></td> <td>Short</td> <td>Spotted</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Levkoy" title="Ukrainian Levkoy">Ukrainian Levkoy</a></td> <td>Ukraine</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td>Hairless</td> <td><br /></td> <td><br /></td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ukrainian_Levkoy_cat.jpg" class="image" title="Ukrainian Levkoy cat.jpg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ukrainian_Levkoy_cat.jpg/100px-Ukrainian_Levkoy_cat.jpg" width="100" border="0" height="95" /></a></td> </tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>Breed</b></td> <td><b>Country</b></td> <td><b>Origin</b></td> <td><b>Body type</b></td> <td><b>Coat</b></td> <td><b>Pattern</b></td> <td><b>Notes</b></td> <td><b>Image</b></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /></p> <p><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_type_genetic_mutations" title="Cat body type genetic mutations">Cat body type genetic mutations</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cat_types" title="Category:Cat types">Cat types</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cats" title="List of cats">List of cats</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_cats" title="List of fictional cats">List of fictional cats</a></li></ul> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.messybeast.com/validcat.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.messybeast.com/validcat.htm" rel="nofollow">The Validity of "Breeds"</a></li><li><a href="http://www.messybeast.com/breeds.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.messybeast.com/breeds.htm" rel="nofollow">Detailed list of cat breeds</a></li><li><a href="http://www.catwebsite.org/" class="external free" title="http://www.catwebsite.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.catwebsite.org</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(0);" id="collapseButton0">hide</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><span title="Discussion about this template" style="border: medium none ;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Domestic_cat&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Domestic_cat&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span title="Edit this template" style="border: medium none ;">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cats" title="History of cats">History</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_type_genetic_mutations" title="Cat body type genetic mutations">Body genetics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_anesthesia" title="Veterinary anesthesia">Anesthesia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Cat skin disorders</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Feline acne</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Feline asthma</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Feline calicivirus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Feline hepatic lipidosis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Feline immunodeficiency virus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Feline infectious peritonitis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Feline leukemia virus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Feline lower urinary tract disease</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_panleukopenia" title="Feline panleukopenia">Feline panleukopenia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Feline viral rhinotracheitis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartworm" title="Heartworm" class="mw-redirect">Heartworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">Neutering</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">Rabies</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringworm" title="Ringworm">Ringworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_body_language" title="Cat body language">Body language</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfight_%28animal_behavior%29" title="Catfight (animal behavior)">Catfight</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepeta" title="Nepeta">Catnip</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading_%28cats%29" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;">Human-cat<br />interaction</td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_hoarding" title="Animal hoarding">Animal hoarding</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-rise_syndrome" title="High-rise syndrome">High-rise syndrome</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_breed" title="Cat breed">Breeds</a></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0pt; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%; line-height: 1.4em;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_%28cat%29" title="Abyssinian (cat)">Abyssinian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_%28cat%29" title="Balinese (cat)">Balinese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_%28cat%29" title="Bengal (cat)">Bengal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_%28cat%29" title="Bombay (cat)">Bombay</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_%28cat%29" title="Burmese (cat)">Burmese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Spangled_Cat" title="California Spangled Cat">California Spangled</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sphynx" title="Don Sphynx">Don Sphynx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_%28cat%29" title="Himalayan (cat)">Himalayan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_%28cat%29" title="Javanese (cat)">Javanese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_%28cat%29" title="Manx (cat)">Manx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchkin_%28cat%29" title="Munchkin (cat)">Munchkin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_Cat" title="Norwegian Forest Cat">Norwegian Forest Cat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_%28cat%29" title="Persian (cat)">Persian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragamuffin_%28cat%29" title="Ragamuffin (cat)">Ragamuffin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_%28cat%29" title="Savannah (cat)">Savannah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_%28cat%29" title="Siamese (cat)">Siamese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_%28cat%29" title="Siberian (cat)">Siberian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura_%28cat%29" title="Singapura (cat)">Singapura</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowshoe_%28cat%29" title="Snowshoe (cat)">Snowshoe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_%28cat%29" title="Somali (cat)">Somali</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphynx_%28cat%29" title="Sphynx (cat)">Sphynx</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkinese_%28cat%29" title="Tonkinese (cat)">Tonkinese</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight: bold;" colspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats">Category</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Portal</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books/Cat" title="Wikipedia:Books/Cat">Book</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 702/1000000 Post-expand include size: 41699/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 19538/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 0/500 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:7199-0!1!0!default!!en!2 and timestamp 20090602171316 --> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="p-cactions" class="portlet"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cat_breeds" title="Category:Cat breeds">Cat breeds</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_of_domesticated_animals" title="Category:Lists of domesticated animals">Lists of domesticated animals</a></span><div class="pBody"> <br /><br /> </div> </div></div> <!-- end content --> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-logo"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha();</script><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-19214701801279515722009-05-31T13:33:00.000-07:002009-05-31T13:33:01.759-07:00Mimi Writes.......: How To Get Your Peace Globe ~ 2009<a href="http://mimiwrites.blogspot.com/2009/02/how-to-get-your-peace-globe-2009.html">Mimi Writes.......: How To Get Your Peace Globe ~ 2009</a><br /><br />Thank you for your comment!<input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-2318134867812691122009-05-13T14:31:00.000-07:002009-05-13T14:47:31.814-07:00Common Cat Mishaps and How to Deal With Them Without Going Crazy<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><a href="http://icanhascheezburger.com/2009/05/12/funny-pictures-trouble-ive-seen/"><img class="mine_4036253" title="funny-pictures-nobody-knows-the-trouble-this-cat-has-seen" src="http://icanhascheezburger.wordpress.com/files/2009/04/funny-pictures-nobody-knows-the-trouble-this-cat-has-seen.jpg" alt="funny pictures of cats with captions" /></a><br />see more <a href="http://icanhascheezburger.com/">Lolcats and funny pictures</a><br /><br />Is your cat doing things that are driving you crazy like soiling the carpet, or other undesirable behaviors? Here are some tips by a lifelong cat owner that may work for you. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Common Cat Mishaps and How to Deal With Them Without Going Crazy</span><br /><br />By Carolyn McFann<br /><br />h<a href="ttp://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Carolyn_McFann">ttp://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Carolyn_McFann</a><br /><br />Inevitably, in the life of every pet owner, there are unexpected behavioral problems here and there that need dealing with. It pays to be understanding and patient with your cat, as many times the issue is fully fixable and just a matter of understanding pet behavior. Here are some of the most common problems owners report having with their cats, and suggestions on how to handle them.<br /><br />Soiling outside the litter box.<br />This is something that many cats will do when the litter box is not kept clean. Like us, they want to relieve themselves in a clean environment. If you have a multiple cat household like I do, buy more than one litter box, use scoopable cat litter and strain it frequently to keep it clean as possible. I have one robotic cat box that automatically cleans a few minutes after one of the cats leaves it. It does a great job but it must be kept clean or it will malfunction. The bottom line is, keep the litter box clean.<br /><br />Wherever the cat has soiled outside the box, make sure the area is cleaned thoroughly with appropriate cleaner. You can buy cat repellant sprays at the pet store, those work pretty well. If you don't have any, spray the fully cleaned area with potent perfume, cats usually hate perfume and will avoid the area totally to avoid the smell.<br /><br />Throwing up on the carpet.<br />If you think your cat is sick, ask the doctor by phone if the symptoms are worth bringing in kitty for a checkup. Cats barf, it happens. They get hairballs from cleaning themselves, or they eat too fast and hurl it back up afterwards. If I see blood in the vomit, that is when I know to call the vet and bring kitty in, especially if he isn't eating. Don't delay if that happens. But for everyday barfing up hairballs or overeating, those I prevent as much as I can through their diet. I buy dry food that is for "Sensitive systems" or "Hairball management". Ask a vet other tips on supplementing kitty's nutrition so he won't feel the need to hurl so much. Surely there are more ways to prevent this, but watching my cats' diets has cut down on their needing to vomit, considerably.<br /><br />You bring home a new cat, and the new cat doesn't like it.<br />Cats are territorial, and it takes some adjustment for everyone when a new pet is added in. Cats naturally react with hissing, maybe growling and swatting one another when really mad. I introduced a new cat into my household a year ago and he instantly got along with one of my cats but hates the other one. But, they have learned to tolerate eachother, and I bet when I'm not looking they may actually be buddies deep down. How I acclimated them to eachother is, at first I used a cat pheramone spray called Feliway in the room, which is a natural calming medium for some cats. It calmed my more hyper cat down somewhat. Also, a spray bottle filled with water works great if they swat at or get nasty with eachother. One good squirt of water, and cats will scatter. Basically, you are re-training them to live with eachother. By rewarding good behavior and quickly, calmly responding to unwanted behavior, they learn to mellow out and co-exist. After 30 plus years of cat ownership, I know all cats can get along eventually. I grew up with cats and we always listened to hissing and mayhem when introducing new ones. If they get really nasty, put one in the bathroom, and let them sniff eachother under the door. Gradually put the two cats together more and more until they are more tolerant of one another. Even now in my household, there is a hiss here or there, or a swat, but nothing catastrophic. Make sure to pet both cats when you bring a new cat in, so the they both see that you "approve" of them. Be patient and don't lose your temper, as anger will make everything worse, not better. Don't stir fear into the picture, stay calm and let them go through their meowfest until they calm down. They will, trust me.<br /><br />Kitty likes to sharpen his claws on your couch and other things he shouldn't touch.<br />Buy a scratching post, and a cardboard cat scratcher (found in pet stores). Put dried catnip on the scratching post to attract the kitty and he'll be climbing all over it in no time. The cardboard cat scratcher comes already infused with catnip, and absolutely no cat will refuse that thing when they smell it. Put your fingers on the post as they are looking at it, and pretend to scratch. I know, it sounds dumb, but it works. Cats mimic their mothers when they show them to hunt, so they can mimic you, the human parent, as you "scratch" at the post. Praise them profusely when they do what you do and start to scratch. If you can afford it, get a kitty condo or cat tree. There are some great ones on online auctions, brand new. I bought a huge one for half of what it would cost at the pet store chains, online. It was easy to put together, and my cats live on it. If you get one, again, put catnip on it to show them how interesting it is. My cats live on theirs. It keeps them off the couch, and gives them something to watch birds from (I put mine next to a large window).<br /><br />Your cat likes to jump up on tops of things he shouldn't, such as shelves or the tv.<br />If the space is small, get a semi-tacky thick roll of painters' tape (it's sticky but not overly so) or double sided sticky tape. Put strips of it on top of the items you know he will jump on. When he jumps up on it, believe me, he will not want to do it again. My one cat loved jumping on top of my stereo speakers, but when I did this, he stopped doing it forever after one encounter with the tape. The idea is to make the environment unpleasant to the kitty, and that should do the trick quickly. For larger spaces like a chair seat, buy a Purr Pad at the pet store, which gives a mild shock when kitty jumps on the area. It comes in different sizes and doesn't hurt the kitty, just shows him that the place he jumped on isn't for him. Or, tape some balloons on the surface of a place the kitty wants to frequent. One claw touching those balloons and he won't be wanting to go there again.<br /><br />These are some tips my family and I have used for years to train our cats. Some cats are more mischevious than others, but that is part of their charm. Cats are a joy to watch, just watch a kitten play, it is fun to see such unbridled energy and excitement. Just show them what behaviors you expect of them, since they won't know until you guide their way. Do it with love, and patience. And they will reward you with unconditional love for life.<br /><br />Carolyn McFann is a scientific and nature illustrator, who owns Two Purring Cats Design Studio, which can be seen at: <a href="http://www.cafepress.com/twopurringcats">http://www.cafepress.com/twopurringcats</a> . Educated at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, Carolyn is a seasoned, well-traveled artist, writer and photographer. She has lived and worked in Cancun, Mexico, among other interesting professional assignments in other countries. Clients include nature parks, museums, scientists, corporations and private owners. She has been the subject of tv interviews, articles for newspapers and other popular media venues.<br /><br />Article Source: <a href="http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Carolyn_McFann%20http://EzineArticles.com/?Common-Cat-Mishaps-and-How-to-Deal-With-Them-Without-Going-Crazy&id=501859">http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Carolyn_McFann http://EzineArticles.com/?Common-Cat-Mishaps-and-How-to-Deal-With-Them-Without-Going-Crazy&id=501859</a><br /><br /><a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Common-Cat-Mishaps-and-How-to-Deal-With-Them-Without-Going-Crazy&id=501859">http://ezinearticles.com/?Common-Cat-Mishaps-and-How-to-Deal-With-Them-Without-Going-Crazy&id=501859</a><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-19858834971867138102009-05-11T07:04:00.000-07:002009-05-11T07:12:50.861-07:00Do Pets Help Us Stay Healthy?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYzygI5Ml0dEZ6fK1HF5a8ulEHXQ_qiROo1kaFnfgUGiLe09DFpzL2hfShkGpeVIwKxqYhktj34k0CS-BtuBl64MDZtE2Nq2t3twJMWH4wTvY3f_XgJiRtVRYWnDrt5H7UKhjuKl9np86z/s1600-h/Large+GS+Mix.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYzygI5Ml0dEZ6fK1HF5a8ulEHXQ_qiROo1kaFnfgUGiLe09DFpzL2hfShkGpeVIwKxqYhktj34k0CS-BtuBl64MDZtE2Nq2t3twJMWH4wTvY3f_XgJiRtVRYWnDrt5H7UKhjuKl9np86z/s400/Large+GS+Mix.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334569050246352930" /></a><br />Yes, the good news is that pets do help people stay healthy! Click on the link below to read an informative article that tells the reasons why:<br /><br /><a href="http://health.msn.com/health-topics/slideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=100220377">http://health.msn.com/health-topics/slideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=100220377</a>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-90811993892313662052009-05-10T11:07:00.000-07:002009-05-10T11:13:58.006-07:00Mother's Day - Isn't It Cute!<a href="http://www.funnyillustration.com" target="_blank"><img alt="funny happy mother's day myspace comments Mother's Day graphics img animations funny greetings for myspace holidays pictures " src="http://funnyillustration.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/happy-mothers-day-comments-picture.jpg" title="funnyillustration.com" alt="funnyillustration.com" class="width="" height="380" />funnyillustration.com</a>
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<br />I hope you enjoy this Mother's Day illustration that I found on <a href="http://funnyillustration.com">http://funnyillustration.com</a>.
<br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-19897031010742146862009-05-09T21:36:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:46:40.915-07:00Happy Mother's Day!<a href="http://mnsls.com/" title="Mother's Day Myspace Comments"><img src="http://i.mynicespace.com/442/44209.png" alt="Mother's Day Myspace Comments" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://mnsls.com/mothers-day-44209.html" title="Mother's Day Myspace Comments">MyNiceSpace.com</a><br /><br />We kitties at Feline Heights, and all of our friends and family wish Mother a very Happy Mother's Day. We even composed a poem for her -- we hope she will like it.<br /><br />Roses are red<br />Violets we chew<br />Here is a mouse<br />for ME and for YOU!<br /><br />Yum!!! I mean nice. We wouldn't really harm a cute little mouse. Mother wouldn't like it! at least not on Mother's Day - mew! mew! mew!<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Picture from<a href="http://MyNiceSpace.com"> MyNiceSpace.com</a></span><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-15069298737685168052009-05-04T07:31:00.000-07:002009-05-04T07:31:03.614-07:00PlanetAzure: Swine Flu Link<a href="http://planetazure.blogspot.com/2009/05/swine-flu-link.html#links">PlanetAzure: Swine Flu Link</a><br /><br />Thank you for your comment!<input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-90659166211733706692009-05-01T19:06:00.000-07:002009-05-01T19:08:02.831-07:00Oh Yeah! We are Having Fun Now!<a href="http://tinypic.com" target="_blank"><img src="http://i44.tinypic.com/2janrcj.jpg" border="0" alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" /></a><br /><br />Now we are having fun with Mother's picture. Aren't the kittens adorable!<br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-24125134399592324212009-05-01T18:57:00.000-07:002009-05-01T19:00:54.079-07:00Photo Fun with PhotoFunia.com<a href="http://tinypic.com" target="_blank"><img src="http://i41.tinypic.com/s42z9w.jpg" border="0" alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" /></a><br /><br />We cats at Feline Heights are having fun with the <a href="http://photofunia.com">Photofunia</a> site!<br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-50116793142653574592009-04-28T20:20:00.001-07:002009-04-28T20:31:53.965-07:00Iris<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3eNeFUPtdKzwAajuE-I-DLcVP-8bK47P0CvlzBdZuwPW0b1v3tHlJR5TESrTx4bAy8We33hD23zB29d-AtBWCAKgajxaNV-fJNkIadeVq8VhZGj_8v4OKYP8RHvxVQL8ziWmVhil8Lqw/s1600-h/Isris+4.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: left; clear: both;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3eNeFUPtdKzwAajuE-I-DLcVP-8bK47P0CvlzBdZuwPW0b1v3tHlJR5TESrTx4bAy8We33hD23zB29d-AtBWCAKgajxaNV-fJNkIadeVq8VhZGj_8v4OKYP8RHvxVQL8ziWmVhil8Lqw/s400/Isris+4.jpg" border="0" /></a><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="http://picasa.google.com/blogger/" target="ext"><img src="http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif" alt="Posted by Picasa" style="border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="middle" border="0" /></a></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-85094756598545722062009-04-28T04:52:00.000-07:002009-04-28T05:09:45.005-07:00Foreclosures and Abandoned Pets<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.beautifulfreepictures.com/images-D/dogs/pictures-1.htm"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVPUCz7yCJePorxHFDbkns0cDbtn6JGWrD81s_Grd3oAmquRsAnnlc4oEEiu4L40nEmV-NTw9r0xWhZBc-D7qDTiwm35yLEnWGPhNEhl-VsOqHK1QfXf7_bEHIBfN4wWqykM2zrUt1NQoz/s400/dog-7-beautifulfreepicturesbeagle.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5329712341781816914" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.beautifulfreepictures.com/images-D/dogs/pictures-1.htm"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC4-unHBK3BhtlIBBO0MW_kdnuH601pyU98JTOSEnDHaSZ0LM913rFihrKM16Gn3fpDbcKf6p0U5tmraRvMjggF5wPUVC5I-Wa8iCVEWm7_-aYmC4-LSs77pQmXnP5U9WUfEf457ArT0D6/s400/dog-3-beautifulfreepictures.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5329711933589486802" border="0" /></a><br />It is a sad sign of the times - more homes are being foreclosed on, and more family pets are being abandoned or given to shelters. Click on the link below to read more:<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.alternet.org/story/138634/foreclosure_pets%3A_soaring_rate_of_abandoned_animals_are_the_latest_sign_of_a_deep_economic_crisis/?page=entire">http://www.alternet.org/story/138634/foreclosure_pets%3A_soaring_rate_of_abandoned_animals_are_the_latest_sign_of_a_deep_economic_crisis/?page=entire</a><br /><br />Free photos:<a href="http://www.beautifulfreepictures.com/images-D/dogs/pictures-1.htm"> http://www.beautifulfreepictures.com</a><br /><br /><br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-16184910463573029672009-04-27T15:27:00.000-07:002009-04-27T15:27:14.465-07:00ArtMusing: The Top Arts Sites on Alexa<a href="http://artmusingbyalexander.blogspot.com/2009/04/top-arts-sites-on-alexa.html#links">ArtMusing: The Top Arts Sites on Alexa</a><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-90013100583878430352009-04-27T15:19:00.000-07:002009-04-27T15:19:52.248-07:00ArtMusing: The Top Arts Sites on Alexa<a href="http://artmusingbyalexander.blogspot.com/2009/04/top-arts-sites-on-alexa.html#links">ArtMusing: The Top Arts Sites on Alexa</a><br /><br />Thank you for your comment!<input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-40558429390685598732009-04-27T06:50:00.000-07:002009-04-27T06:50:56.641-07:00Ad-O-Rama: Top Commentator Links<a href="http://ad-o-rama.blogspot.com/2009/04/top-commentator-links.html#links">Ad-O-Rama: Top Commentator Links</a><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-22920723222589456562009-04-23T07:45:00.000-07:002009-04-23T07:53:44.818-07:00Fitness for the Brain<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZVpTgvAQO3WJNM9OE8l0zBr6mD-f6KuHJnO11Hpa7vDXzjdVYsRzqE0JiJ3UGGn_C_4E6jNGjyftgzBfy7lmXb7JzpwfoW9vH5ZN5U5IaCCQApKi6BKbqNNpq9xZm-fQoU0UpsVmd3euO/s1600-h/Games+for+Health.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 251px; height: 297px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZVpTgvAQO3WJNM9OE8l0zBr6mD-f6KuHJnO11Hpa7vDXzjdVYsRzqE0JiJ3UGGn_C_4E6jNGjyftgzBfy7lmXb7JzpwfoW9vH5ZN5U5IaCCQApKi6BKbqNNpq9xZm-fQoU0UpsVmd3euO/s400/Games+for+Health.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327899261315625394" border="0" /></a><br />I just received my latest newsletter from the <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">SharpBrains</span> site at <a href="http://www.sharpbrains.com/">http://www.sharpbrains.com</a>. They offer a wealth of content about the brain and cognitive health. Check out the banner for info about an upcoming conference that sounds fun and interesting.<br /><br />Cats have known for centuries that playing games and cognitive health go hand and hand. We are the masters! Humans are catching up though! Mother found this very interesting. The dogs, Lily and Mickey -- not a clue!<br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-46110917154412284762009-04-21T12:29:00.000-07:002009-04-21T12:41:40.565-07:00Happy Earth Day!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqY8pp5aJbqDDiQ9ZYmQPmG2itqob4vWlkiv8uWxeo-ADlYFljlnMAih8GYd69QPeGGyg8sR_ptzusruq8ZIHhUORHzwMLleaUD3mTn06HCwtsEHmdAYOm9CqkyJG1vERuffQdMLpxaUvW/s1600-h/2FacesSun.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 120px; height: 128px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqY8pp5aJbqDDiQ9ZYmQPmG2itqob4vWlkiv8uWxeo-ADlYFljlnMAih8GYd69QPeGGyg8sR_ptzusruq8ZIHhUORHzwMLleaUD3mTn06HCwtsEHmdAYOm9CqkyJG1vERuffQdMLpxaUvW/s320/2FacesSun.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327231162610661154" border="0" /></a>We cats are always ready for a big celebration on Earth Day. Even though some of us prefer the indoors to the outdoors, we still enjoy nature. I (Pumpkin) definitely prefer to enjoy the outdoors from the comfort of Mother's bedroom window. I am a very civilized cat - I don't DO outside. My fur gets all ratty and dirty outside - what a bother for a beautiful long-haired cat like me. Of course, that loser Frankie loves being outside. What a mess he is: full of cobwebs, dirt smudges, sticky seeds, and who knows what else. He looks like he has gone feral most of the time.<br /><br />Anyway, I digress. Earth Day is a wonderful day to celebrate nature. And...yawn!...it is perfectly natural for me to take a short "cat nap" right now. I going to lay right here - on the window sill- in this lovely warm golden pool of sunlight!<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Two Faces of the Sun</span>, Gina Nicole, copyright 2008</span><br /><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-69398408423717410212009-04-15T07:56:00.000-07:002009-04-23T07:18:21.696-07:00Dogs in the News<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ae_8svBfkYfUuuXQYgasso-z0CQudaYSpTYYqSBrDWpKDrKsOogRk38nAxomdv2BlOTJ7dPxpyXRofpDY_-md3CQ0ONflQGyMZmitFUwV7VRL2v0UwDV6-nYRwHo4dsSfxOT2e65QJFA/s1600-h/Coach.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 103px; float: left; height: 144px;" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5324935292462040610" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7ae_8svBfkYfUuuXQYgasso-z0CQudaYSpTYYqSBrDWpKDrKsOogRk38nAxomdv2BlOTJ7dPxpyXRofpDY_-md3CQ0ONflQGyMZmitFUwV7VRL2v0UwDV6-nYRwHo4dsSfxOT2e65QJFA/s400/Coach.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />I peeked over Mother's shoulder while she was reading her email. Of course, she doesn't know that I read. Cats are smarter than people think! Anyway, back to the Big News: dogs are becoming the new generation of "kids" for a lot of Americans. According to the news article (a book review), in San Francisco, there are more pet dogs than children. Really, what is wrong with people -- that statement should read: there are more cats who have people than children. But that's the kind of "news" item one would expect to find in a newsletter called "<em><strong><a href="http://www.woofreport.com/">The Woof Report</a></strong></em>." Check it out yourself.<br /><br />PS This pet portrait can be found in the<span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> Woof Report Newsletter</span> at the following link:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.woofreport.com/top-dogs/index_dog2.php?id_session=529645273">http://www.woofreport.com/top-dogs/index_dog2.php?id_session=529645273</a><br /><br /><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:78%;" >Illustration, <strong><em>Coach</em></strong>, copyright 2009 by Gail Alexander</span><input id="gwProxy" type="hidden"><!--Session data--><input onclick="jsCall();" id="jsProxy" type="hidden"><div id="refHTML"></div>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-73206323351133909702009-04-06T19:46:00.000-07:002009-04-06T19:46:54.441-07:00Tim and Jim's Awesome Blog: Free Write<a href="http://tim-jim.blogspot.com/2009/04/free-write.html?showComment=1239072240000#c135314134610534862">Tim and Jim's Awesome Blog: Free Write</a>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-937278169179170241.post-19653372871694889532009-04-05T15:40:00.000-07:002009-04-05T15:47:20.776-07:00Links of the Catosphere<span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Attention readers</strong>: please check out our link list. It is a great resource that is updated frequently. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Do you like the title, <strong><em>Links of the Catosphere</em></strong>? Let us know. We like hearing from you!</span>Gail Alexanderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05977748417163975718noreply@blogger.com0